Imagining the Other and Constructing Israelite Identity in the Early Second Temple Period, written by E. Ben Zvi and D. V. Edelman

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
S. C. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Temple Period

Ioudaismos and ioudaizō in Paul and the Galatian Controversy: An Examination of Supposed Positions

2021 ◽  
pp. 0142064X2110493
Author(s):  
Carlos Gil Arbiol
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
In Christ ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

The use of ἰουδαϊσμός in the literature of the Second Temple period until Paul’s time suggests a more specific meaning than Judaism in general and points to a perception of it under siege and in need of defence. Additionally, the verb ἰουδαΐζω describes the inclinations of non-Jews to the Jewish way of life. Both terms reflect two different ideas of Israel: one segregated from all other peoples, the other porous and more flexible. These ideas were at odds by the end of the Second Temple period and held by the groups of believers in Christ. Read in the foil of that conflict, the controversies that Paul faces in the letter to the Galatians show the continuity and discontinuity of his life after the revelation of the Son, and explain why he considered himself a faithful Judean but no longer ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ.

A Guide to Early Jewish Texts and Traditions in Christian Transmission

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Degree ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
The Many ◽  
Medieval Christianity

The Jewish culture of the Hellenistic and early Roman periods established a basis for all monotheistic religions but its main sources have been preserved to a great degree through Christian transmission. This Guide is devoted to problems of preservation, reception, and transformation of Jewish texts and traditions of the Second Temple period in the many Christian milieus from the ancient world to the late medieval era. It approaches this corpus not as an artificial collection of reconstructed texts—a body of hypothetical originals—but rather from the perspective of the preserved materials, examined in their religious, social, and political contexts. It also considers the other, non-Christian, channels of the survival of early Jewish materials, including rabbinic, Gnostic, Manichaean, and Islamic. This unique project brings together scholars from many different fields in order to map the trajectories of early Jewish texts and traditions among diverse later cultures. It also provides a comprehensive and comparative introduction to this new field of study while bridging the gap between scholars of early Judaism and of medieval Christianity.

Other Secret Jewish Groups and Traditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Damascus Document ◽  
Ancient Texts

We look at some of the other secret groups in Second Temple Judaism: magicians, schools of magic and divination, priestly craft societies, and Hasideans. The possible connections of ultra-pietist groups mentioned in Rabbinic sources to the Essenes is noted, but regarded as unproven. Ḥāburôt and their possible Qumranite connections. The extreme concern with ritual purity is common to many groups. The possible debt of the Karaites to the Qumranite tradition is discussed and traditions about discovery of books in caves. The origin in such a discovery of the text transmitted WQQ by the Geniza copies of the Damascus Document is considered. The role of ritual purity in very many of known Second Temple period social groups is examined. Is it possible for human ability to comprehend the Divine? What mysteries, if any, did the ancient texts reveal? The differences and similarities among these texts are explored.

Rabbinic and Post-Rabbinic Jewish

2019 ◽  
pp. 431-448
Author(s):  
Martha Himmelfarb
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Book Of Daniel

Of all the Jewish literature of the Second Temple period, only one work, the book of Daniel, reaches us because Jews chose to transmit it. The other Second Temple texts we know were transmitted to us by Christians or were not transmitted at all but found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Yet later Jewish literature provides evidence that medieval Jews had access to a variety of texts and traditions from the Second Temple period beyond Daniel. No single mode of transmission can account for all of the examples of later knowledge of Second Temple texts. In some instances, there is a compelling case for ongoing Jewish transmission, whereas in others borrowing back from Christians is the best explanation.

THE DOUBLE MONTH NAMING IN LATE BIBLICAL BOOKS: A NEW CLUE FOR DATING ESTHER?

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-555
Author(s):  
Zipora Talshir ◽  
David Talshir
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Second Temple Period

AbstractHebrew epigraphy evidences that the Babylonian-Aramaic month names replaced the numeral names toward the end of the Second Temple period. The use of the Babylonian-Aramaic month names in the books of Nehemiah and Esther reflects the language of the Aramaic administration at the court of the Persian king, not earlier then the middle of the 5th century B. C. E. The author of Esther employs, in addition, a compound formula that combines both name types. It also occurs in two glosses in the book of Zechariah. Since in this formula the numeral names are explained by their Babylonian equivalents—and not the other way round—it must have originated in a late period in which the ordinals were already replaced by the Babylonian names. The compound formula under discussion, therefore, cannot be a clue for an early date for Esther.

Going Through Hell; ΤΑΡΤΑΡΟΣ in Greco-Roman Culture, Second Temple Judaism, and Philo of Alexandria

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-378
Author(s):  
Clint Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Philo Of Alexandria ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Greek Myths

This article questions the longstanding supposition that the eschatology of the Second Temple period was solely influenced by Persian or Iranian eschatology, arguing instead that the literature of this period reflects awareness of several key Greco-Roman mythological concepts. In particular, the concepts of Tartarus and the Greek myths of Titans and Giants underlie much of the treatment of eschatology in the Jewish literature of the period. A thorough treatment of Tartarus and related concepts in literary and non-literary sources from ancient Greek and Greco-Roman culture provides a backdrop for a discussion of these themes in the Second Temple period and especially in the writings of Philo of Alexandria.

A Short History of the People Israel from the Patriarchs to the Messiah

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Beth A. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Sexual Practice ◽  
Short History ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Leviticus Rabbah ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

This article addresses recent arguments that question whether “Judaism,” as such, existed in antiquity or whether the Jewishness of the Second Temple period should be characterized in primarily ethnic terms. At stake is the question of whether it is appropriate to speak of Judaism as an abstract system or religion in this early period. An appeal to the under-used collections of Midrash Aggadah provides the context for new insights, focused around a pericope in Leviticus Rabbah that is preoccupied with this very question. This parashah goes well beyond the ethnicity/ religion binary, producing instead a rich variety of paradigms of Jewish identity that include moral probity, physical appearance, relationship to God, ritual life, political status, economics, demographics, and sexual practice.

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