3. A NEW LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING THE WORLD’S SHARED GROUNDWATERS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE MIDDLE EAST

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Mark Zeitoun
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
Augustin Jomier

For many decades, scholars of gender and women’s history in the Middle East and North Africa have challenged prevailing visions of an unchanged patriarchy, showing how patriarchy was transformed in relation to colonialism, and how some women struggled against it. To the contrary, this article aims to challenge our understanding of women’s agency, taking Mzab as a case study. It explores the ways in which women of this Berber speaking region, inhabited by Ibadi Muslims and conquered by the French in 1882, contributed to the colonial reinforcement of male domination. Reading together works of ethnography, colonial administrative files, legal disputes, and Arabic-language newspapers, this article shows that, together with the colonial legal framework, other informal legal discourses and institutions shaped women’s condition. Down the road, forms of patriarchy and notions of gender shifted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
Augustin Jomier

Abstract For many decades, scholars of gender and women's history in the Middle East and North Africa have challenged prevailing visions of an unchanged patriarchy, showing how patriarchy was transformed in relation to colonialism, and how some women struggled against it. To the contrary, this article aims to challenge our understanding of women's agency, taking Mzab as a case study. It explores the ways in which women of this Berber speaking region, inhabited by Ibadi Muslims and conquered by the French in 1882, contributed to the colonial reinforcement of male domination. Reading together works of ethnography, colonial administrative files, legal disputes, and Arabic-language newspapers, this article shows that, together with the colonial legal framework, other informal legal discourses and institutions shaped women's condition. Down the road, forms of patriarchy and notions of gender shifted.


Author(s):  
José Ángel Gimeno ◽  
Eva Llera Sastresa ◽  
Sabina Scarpellini

Currently, self-consumption and distributed energy facilities are considered as viable and sustainable solutions in the energy transition scenario within the European Union. In a low carbon society, the exploitation of renewables for self-consumption is closely tied to the energy market at the territorial level, in search of a compromise between competitiveness and the sustainable exploitation of resources. Investments in these facilities are highly sensitive to the existence of favourable conditions at the territorial level, and the energy policies adopted in the European Union have contributed positively to the distributed renewables development and the reduction of their costs in the last decade. However, the number of the installed facilities is uneven in the European Countries and those factors that are more determinant for the investments in self-consumption are still under investigation. In this scenario, this paper presents the main results obtained through the analysis of the determinants in self-consumption investments from a case study in Spain, where the penetration of this type of facilities is being less relevant than in other countries. As a novelty of this study, the main influential drivers and barriers in self-consumption are classified and analysed from the installers' perspective. On the basis of the information obtained from the installers involved in the installation of these facilities, incentives and barriers are analysed within the existing legal framework and the potential specific lines of the promotion for the effective deployment of self-consumption in an energy transition scenario.


Author(s):  
Odile Moreau

This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.


Author(s):  
LE Thanh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Pham Ngoc Mai ◽  
Ngo Ha Phuong ◽  
Vu Khanh Huyen Tran

The technological revolution 4.0 brings great opportunities, but also cybercrimes to economic sectors, especially to banks. Using secondary data and survey results of 305 bank clients, the main findings of this paper are: (i) there are several types of cybercrimes in the banking sector; (ii) Vietnam is one of the top countries worldwide having hackers and being attacked by hackers, especially the banking sector. Three most common attacks are skimming, hacking and phishing. Number of cybercrime attacks in Vietnam are increasing rapidly over years; (iii) Vietnamese customers are very vulnerable to cybercrime in banking, as more than 58% seem to hear about cybercrimes, and how banks provide services to let them know about their transactions. However, more than 50% do not have any deep knowledge or any measures for preventing cybercrime; (iii) Customers believe in banks, but do not think that banks can deal with cybercrime issues well. They still feel traditional transactions are more secure than e-transactions; (iv) the reasons for high cybercrimes come from commercial banks (low management and human capacity), supporting environment (inadequate), legal framework (not yet strong and strict enough on cybercrimes), and clients (low level of financial literacy). Therefore, several solutions should be carried out, from all stakeholders, for improving the cybersecurity in Vietnamese banks. 


2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Hansheng ◽  
Liu Chuanxi ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
Pang Huihua

2021 ◽  
pp. 174619792098136
Author(s):  
Sansom Milton

In this paper, the role of higher education in post-uprising Libya is analysed in terms of its relationship with transitional processes of democratization and civic development. It begins by contextualising the Libyan uprising within the optimism of the ‘Arab Spring’ transitions in the Middle East. Following this, the relationship between higher education and politics under the Qadhafi regime and in the immediate aftermath of its overthrow is discussed. A case-study of a programme designed to support Tripoli University in contributing towards democratisation will then be presented. The findings of the case-study will be reflected upon to offer a set of recommendations for international actors engaging in political and civic education in conflict-affected settings, in particular in the Middle East.


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