After the dawn of independence in 1947, India moved on the path of planned development after launching a series of five years plans with the objective of creating a socialistic pattern of society that is the growth with social justice. In a welfare society, the functions of the govt. increases extensively and intensively. Gone are the days when functions of the govt. were limited to internal law and order and war preparedness (internal and external security). To provide all basic needs of the lowest and disadvantageous section of the society is considered to be duty of the govt. Education, health, power, sanitation, transport, communication, growth through distributive justice, linking of employment process with planned development, balanced regional development, social welfare and social security, clean drinking water, rural development, expansion of production and productive resources, equitable distribution of income and assets, removal of poverty, eradication of illiteracy, reduction in regional disparities, price stability, empowerment of the weaker section of the society, research and development with application of science, improvement in technology and productivity, conservation of natural resources for future generation, continuous process of change for better standard of life, human dignity and values, environmental balances etc. On the other side, India’s population grew at 1.2% a year between 2010 and 2019 marginally higher than global average of 1.1% a year in this period, but more than double china’s 0.5% a year according to UN population fund state of the world’s population 2018, released on 10-04-2019. India’s population growth = Population growth rate of China + Population growth of US = 0.5 + 0.7. Moreover, actual fertility rate children per women is 2.1 against the desired family size of 1.8. India has over 18% of the world population but just 4% of its fresh water resources. This is going to create a big demand for all kinds of commodities. The propensity to generate waste is increasing (waste is associated with food such as milk packets and water bottles piling up and solid waste disposal is acute crisis in big cities). All efforts of growth of G D P may go futile, if population growth remains unchecked. This paper highlights the consequences.
