Ocupação da Terra e Conflitos de Uso com as Áreas de Preservação Permanente Nativa Remanescente de Cerrado na Sub-bacia do Córrego do Veado, Bacia do Alto Taquari, MS

A conservação das florestas é de grande interesse de toda a sociedade, pois garante os serviços ambientais básicos que sustentam a vida e a economia do país. Nesse estudo, realizou-se um diagnóstico do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal visando avaliar os conflitos entre as atividades antrópicas e as áreas de vegetação nativa remanescente de Cerrado na sub-bacia do Córrego do Veado e propor ações de adequação, do ponto de vista da conservação dos recursos naturais e da biodiversidade, com base na legislação pertinente e nas características físicas da bacia. O estudo se baseou em imagens orbitais e dados vetoriais, processados em Sistema de Informação Geográfica para a geração de produtos cartográficos. Na bacia, foram registradas 81 propriedades rurais, a maioria composta de imóveis com menos de quatro módulos fiscais, onde a principal forma de uso da terra foi a Pastagem sobre áreas consolidadas. A bacia contém em torno de 20% da área coberta por vegetação nativa de Cerrado, porém grande parte das propriedades não apresenta área de Reserva Legal e muitas nascentes de afluentes e do Córrego encontram-se degradadas. As ações propostas referem-se à recuperação das faixas de vegetação ciliar que descumprem o mínimo de largura estabelecido pela legislação, e das áreas de Reserva Legal; à readequação do uso em áreas voltadas à conservação da biodiversidade e à avaliação do potencial turístico da região, como forma de uso sustentável em áreas com alta declividade, solos altamente erodíveis e onde a vegetação de Cerrado encontra-se preservada. The conservation of forests is of great interest to all of society, as it guarantees the basic environmental services that support the life and economy of the country. In this study, a diagnosis of land use and vegetation cover was carried out in order to assess the conflicts between human activities and the areas of native Cerrado remnant in the sub-basin of the Córrego do Veado and propose adaptation actions, from the point of view of the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity, based on the legislation and the physical characteristics of the basin. The study was based on orbital images and vector data, processed in a Geographic Information System for the generation of cartographic products. In the basin, 81 rural properties were registered, the majority consisting of properties with less than four fiscal modules, where the main form of land use was Pasture over consolidated areas. The basin contains around 20% of the area covered by native Cerrado vegetation, however most of the properties do not have a Legal Reserve area and many tributary and stream springs are degraded. The proposed actions refer to the recovery of the strips of riparian vegetation that do not comply with the minimum width established by the legislation, and the areas of Legal Reserve; the readjustment of use in areas aimed at the conservation of biodiversity and the evaluation of the tourist potential of the region, as a form of sustainable use in areas with high declivity, highly erodible soils and where the Cerrado vegetation is preserved.Keywords:River Basin, Conservation, Ecosystem Service, Forest Code.

Etrospective analysis of criminal-legal and criminological measures to ensure environmental safety the problem of high latency of environmental crime and solutions in the context of digitalization

In the present article, the author conducts a retrospective analysis of criminal law and criminological (preventive) state measures to ensure environmental safety and the conservation of natural resources. In the article, the author demonstrates the modification of criminal legislation aimed at preserving the main components of the natural environment, which depends on the development of society and its economic activities. In addition, the subject of the article is the designation of the relevance of the conservation of natural resources at all times, including the deterrence of illegal actions with the use of criminal and criminological measures. The purpose of the article is to indicate by the author a fairly high latency of environmental crime in Russia. Statistical indicators of the studied category of crime and the ongoing socio-economic processes in society question its real state. In this regard, the author of the article identifies a number of problematic factors that affect the provision of environmental safety by measures of criminal law and criminological influence. At the same time, in order to reduce the latency of environmental crime, the author proposes a number of measures of a state and managerial nature, including the use of modern digital technologies, resources and surveillance systems.

Hydrochemistry and Application of GIS in Groundwater Quality in Nagalapura Taluk, Bellary District, Karnataka, India

The assessment of groundwater quality is essential for the conservation of natural resources. Hence, this study aims to assess the hydrochemistry of groundwater in and around the Nagalapura Taluk in Bellary district, Karnataka, India. The groundwater quality variables are mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For the hypothesis, the mean value of ten groundwater quality variables was obtained from 50 bore well samples (2016-2018). To assess the lead ions and type of water, the USSL, SAR, and Na% were measured. Ionic ratio and Gibbs graphs were used to demonstrate the chemical reactions in the water samples. ArcGIS was used for spatial analysis of the quality variables. The results showed the order of Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- with water types Na+-Cl- and Cl-, and the order of Na+ > Mg++ > Ca++ > K+ with Na+ and Mg++ as the dominant anion and cation, respectively. The hydrochemistry of groundwater is determined by the geological structure in 64 percent of the water samples examined. The Wilcox diagram shows that no-alkali exposure to the crops is expected. Forty one samples (82%) fit within the C3-S1 group; this category is fit for irrigational needs. Only 01 and 03 samples showed maximum SAR during two seasons like pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The maps showed that groundwater in the selected sites is usually of higher quality, whereas the presence of dolomite indicates a reduction in water quality.

PRACTICE OF ANIMALS TRADING IN ISLAMIC LAW & POSITIVE LAW OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES & ITS ECOSYSTEMS

Indonesia is a country that is very rich in the diversity of its natural resources. Both in terms of flora and fauna. However, Indonesia is an emerging country for the circulation of endangered animals that have been protected by law. The Animal Market is one of the places where several protected animals are circulated. In this study, the authors found a unique incident in the practice of buying and selling endangered animals that have been protected by this law, where the practice of buying and selling rare animals is carried out in markets managed by the government, namely under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The focus of this research is to find out how the practice of buying and selling endangered animals in the Animal Market and how the review of Islamic law and Act No. 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems. Through qualitative research methods and through a juridical normative approach, the researcher tries to uncover the focus of the problem above by going directly to the field to find facts which then leads to an analysis of Islamic law and Act No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems. Data were taken through documentation, observation, and interviews. The data that has been obtained is presented in the form of a description in order to obtain conclusions. The results of the study explain that the sale and purchase of endangered animals protected under Islamic law is a sale that does not bring benefits, contains najis, does not belong to the seller wholly, causes damage to nature, and contains fraud. Meanwhile, when viewed from Act No. 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems, the practice of buying and selling endangered animals that are protected illegally is a criminal act of wildlife crime in which the legal consequences of this crime are a maximum criminal sanction of ten years in prison and a fine of between 100 million and IDR 200 million rupiahs.

School Garden Benefits: Health Promotion and Environmental Conservation

Garden-based learning promotes environmental awareness, health, and wellness across the school community and beyond. In this article, we review the literature on the benefits of school gardening and describe firsthand experiences for garden success. By sharing lessons learned, our aim is to inspire school nurses to join forces with like-minded teachers and staff or take the lead to build capacity in their school for gardening and a green culture dedicated to the conservation of natural resources.

Continuous Detection of Forest Loss in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Using Sentinel-1 Data

In this study, we demonstrate the ability of a new operational system to detect forest loss at a large scale accurately and in a timely manner. We produced forest loss maps every week over Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (>750,000 km2 in total) using Sentinel-1 data. To do so, we used the forest loss detection method based on shadow detection. The main advantage of this method is the ability to avoid false alarms, which is relevant in Southeast Asia where the areas of forest disturbance may be very small and scattered and detection is used for alert purposes. The estimated user accuracy of the forest loss map was 0.95 for forest disturbances and 0.99 for intact forest, and the estimated producer’s accuracy was 0.90 for forest disturbances and 0.99 for intact forest, with a minimum mapping unit of 0.1 ha. This represents an important step forward compared to the values achieved by previous studies. We also found that approximately half of forest disturbances in Cambodia from 2018 to 2020 occurred in protected areas, which emphasizes the lack of efficiency in the protection and conservation of natural resources in protected areas. On an annual basis, the forest loss areas detected using our method are found to be similar to the estimations from Global Forest Watch. These results highlight the fact that this method provides not only quick alerts but also reliable detections that can be used to calculate weekly, monthly, or annual forest loss statistics at a national scale.

The level of damage and estimation of rehabilitation value in the Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism, Makassar City

This study aims to determine the level of damage and estimation of rehabilitation value in the Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism, Makassar City. The sampling technique was carried out using a survey technique with a purposive sampling method. The size of the plots made is 20 m x 50 m with a total of 8 plots. The level of mangrove damage is determined based on land cover and vegetation density. Estimating the value of ecotourism rehabilitation is based on the Regulation of the Director-General of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation P.8/KSDAE/SET/REN.2/10/2017 concerning Standards for Activities and Costs for Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. The results showed that there were two types of mangrove species, namely Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba. Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism has a vegetation cover of 82% with a vegetation density of 1,760 individuals/ha, so that the level of damage to mangroves is in a good category. In general, damage to Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism is caused by converting mangrove forests into fishponds and settlements. The total cost of mangrove forest rehabilitation is IDR. 350,220,000

Evaluation of the environmental perception of the users over solid residues on the beach of Tamandaré/Brazil

The irregular waste disposal is a reality that affects the Brazilian coast. The present study aimed to evaluate the environmental perception of beach users in relation to the production and disposal of solid waste at Tamandaré beach - Brazil. It was applied a questionnaire and carried out a quali-quantitative collection that has shown that the impacts mostly pointed out were the damage to the environment, and loss of tourist potential. The main source of dispersion of waste on the Tamandaré shore is associated with land-based activities, mainly those arising from tourism. The main causes were the failure in the municipal cleaning system, and beach users lack of awareness on disposing solid waste. It was suggest implementing environmental education programs, infrastructure improvement, and the elaboration of public policies pertinent to the management of solid waste, with the purposes of protection and conservation of natural resources.

Institutional model for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area

The Gunung Pongkor post-mining area has some resources potential for ecotourism destination. The development of area’s ecosystem in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area needs to protect the ecosystem and prevent activities that do damage within the area. In this case, it is necessary to make institutional model for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area. The objectives of this study are 1) to identify the elements in the development structure variable; 2) to analyze objective variables, needs variables, constraint variables, and actor variables; 3) to create institutional model for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) analysis. The elements analyzed are 1) the objectives to be achieved in the development of the ecotourism areas, 2) the needs in the development of the ecotourism areas, 3) the obstacles that need to be overcome, and 4) the actors who play a role in the development of the ecotourism areas. The key element of the goal for ecotourism development in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining area is to provide education to the local community about environmental management and culture. In the development process, a master plan and legality of the area as ecotourism are needed. Some of the main obstacles in the development of this area are the absence of a change in the status of a forest area to an ecotourism area and a lack of knowledge about the conservation of natural resources and the environment. The key actors needed in developing this area are Regional Planning, Research, and Development Agency of Bogor Regency Regional Government, Tourism and Culture Office of Bogor Regency Regional Government, Environmental Office of Bogor Regency Regional Government. The diversity of the existing potential is utilized to the fullest it resolves problem that occur in this area in achieving an ecotourism area based on landscape characters in the Gunung Pongkor post-mining through collaborative ecotourism development.

Environmental Attitude of the Inhabitants of Nijandaris in the Conservation of Natural Resources - Peru

The environmental attitude is a psychological tendency expressed by the evaluative (perceptions or beliefs) response towards the environment and natural resources flora, fauna, water, soil and air are naturally valuable products for development and continuity towards sustainability; relating both concepts in the Nijandaris population is the main objective of this research. Methodology: a probabilistic sampling was carried out at an age of [30 - 60 years] = 50 people respondents, questionnaire of 20 questions each; validated by the Rensis Likert scale 3 levels each, applying the Karl Pearson relationship coefficient and bilateral t-student. Conclusions: The environmental attitude of the inhabitants of Nijandaris is between bad to regular, likewise their conservative attitude towards natural resources ensures that they always do so. The relationship between environmental attitude and conservation turned out to be positive and significant. Regarding their dimensions, the association between affective attitude and conserving flora and fauna obtained r=0.38 positive median t=2.88; the correlation between cognitive attitude and conserving water and soil obtained an r=0.42 positive median t=3.21, and the relationship between conative attitude and conserved air has a considerable positive r=0.62 t=5.47. Therefore, we affirm that there is an environmental attitudinal concern towards the conservation of the natural resources of the adult population [30-60 years] in the Nijandaris Populated Center.