The Dictionary as a Toy Collection: Interactions between Avant-Garde Aesthetics and Soviet Children’s Literature

2018 ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Inez Frederike De Rijke

Collage is a form found in many classic and popular picturebooks for children, and contemporary picturebook artists have increasingly used the cross-med6iality of the form, but its more radical use is perhaps less well known. This paper explores collage as a particularly interdisciplinary artistic expression, pointing to plural readings and understandings across its intermedial form, drawing on a number of ‘cutting-edge’ artists’ picturebooks for children that have posed radical political questions through collage design, including Hannah Höch’s Picturebook (1945), Umberto Eco & Eugenio Carmi’s The Bomb and the General (1989), Davide Cali & Serge Bloch’s The Enemy (2009) and André Leblanc & Barroux’s The Red Piano (2009).Now recognised as a major turning point in the evolution of modernist art—a form that always seeks change—collage is a developing element of children’s literature. Many of the images in anti-establishment or anti-war picturebooks act as riposte to political rhetoric. Such questions are posed as a fundamental part of the urgent artistic expression of collage, where absurdist and paradoxical images expose truths and ridicule fictions, created to surprise and shock the reader or viewer. The special relationship of collage as anti-war activism and ‘avant-guerre’ art is explored, viewing collage as a form which can challenge the seeming realities of a point in history, present political critique and point to possibilities for change, using as its material ripped-out, torn, cut, stuck and pasted visual refuse of its time. Thus war becomes literally war-torn.Key words: Collage, Politics, Picturebook, Avant-garde, War.   ResumenEl collage es una técnica que se utiliza en muchos álbumes ilustrados infantiles clásicos y populares; los artistas de álbumes ilustrados contemporáneos han utilizado cada vez más la mediación cruzada de la forma, pero su uso más radical es quizás menos conocido. Este trabajo explora el collage como una expresión artística particularmente interdisciplinaria, apuntando a interpretaciones y lecturas plurales a través de su forma intermedia, recurriendo a una serie de álbumes ilustrados infantiles de ‘vanguardia’ que han planteado cuestiones políticas radicales a través de sus diseños de collage, incluyendo Picturebook (1945), de Hannah Höch, The Bomb and the General (1989), de Umberto Eco y Eugenio Carmi, The Enemy (2009), de Davide Cali y Serge Bloch, y The Red Piano (2009), de André Leblanc y Barroux.Siendo ahora reconocido como un importante punto de inflexión en la evolución del arte modernista, una forma que siempre busca el cambio, el collage es un elemento en desarrollo en la literatura infantil. Muchas de las imágenes contra el establecimiento o contra la guerra presentes en álbumes ilustrados actúan como respuesta a la retórica política. Tales preguntas se plantean como una parte fundamental de la expresión artística urgente del collage, donde las imágenes absurdas y paradójicas exponen verdades y ficciones ridículas, creadas para sorprender e impactar al lector o al espectador. Se explora la relación especial entre el collage como activismo contra la guerra y el arte de ‘avant-guerre’, considerando el collage como una forma que puede desafiar las realidades aparentes de un punto de la historia, presentar una crítica política y señalar posibilidades de cambio, utilizando como material basura visual de su tiempo desgarrada, rasgada, cortada, adherida y pegada. Por lo tanto, la guerra se convierte literalmente en un desgarro de guerra.Palabras clave: Collage, Política, Álbum ilustrado, Vanguardias, Guerra.   ResumEl collage és una tècnica que s'utilitza en molts àlbums il·lustrats infantils clàssics i populars; els artistes d'àlbums il·lustrats contemporanis han utilitzat cada vegada més la mediació creuada de la forma, però el seu ús més radical és potser menys conegut. Aquest treball explora el collage com una expressió artística particularment interdisciplinària, tot apuntant a interpretacions i lectures plurals a través de la seua forma intermèdia, recorrent a una sèrie d'àlbums il·lustrats infantils d’ 'avantguarda' que han plantejat qüestions polítiques radicals a través dels seus dissenys de collage , incloent Picturebook (1945), de Hannah Höch, The Bomb and the General (1989), d'Umberto Eco i Eugenio Carmi, The Enemy (2009), de Davide Cali i Serge Bloch, i The Red Piano (2009), d'André Leblanc i Barroux.A hores d’ara és reconegut com un important punt d'inflexió en l'evolució de l'art modernista, una forma que sempre busca el canvi; el collage és un element en desenvolupament en la literatura infantil. Moltes de les imatges contra l'establiment o contra la guerra presents en àlbums il·lustrats actuen com a resposta a la retòrica política. Tals preguntes es plantegen com una part fonamental de l'expressió artística urgent del collage, on les imatges absurdes i paradoxals exposen veritats i ficcions ridícules, creades per sorprendre i impactar el lector o l'espectador. S’explora la relació especial entre el collage com activisme contra la guerra i l'art de 'avant-guerre', considerant el collage com una forma que pot desafiar les realitats aparents d'un punt de la història, presentar una crítica política i assenyalar possibilitats de canvi, utilitzant com a material escombraries visuals del seu temps esquinçades, tallades, adherides i enganxades. Per tant, la guerra es converteix literalment en un esquinç de guerra.Paraules clau: Collage, Política, Àlbum il·lustrat, Avantguardes, Guerra


Barnboken ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pankenier Weld

The silencing of childhood continues in discrimination against children’s literature today. Yet children’s literature should be taken seriously not only for its own sake. Children’s literature can and should illuminate our understanding of literature for adults, while literature for adults can and should illuminate our understanding of children’s literature. Failure to recognize this mutualism risks silencing children’s literature and ghettoizing children’s literature research while impoverishing literary studies. To show the value of examining literature for all audiences together, this article examines the example of silenced Russian writer Daniil (Yuvachev) Kharms, a late avant-garde and absurdist writer who wrote in the 1920s and 1930s before his premature death as a result of repression by the Soviet regime. Like that of others who wrote for both adults and children, Kharms’s example illustrates the arbitrariness of subdividing the literary production of one individual into two mutually exclusive categories. In the case of Daniil Kharms, and others, literary scholarship benefits from examining an author’s oeuvre collectively and disregarding the bifurcation of audiences of which literary studies may at times be guilty. To show this, the present article focuses on the example of the little old lady, a marginal figure who recurs in Kharms’s writings regardless of audience, including in the children’s picturebook O tom kak starushka chernila pokupala (How a Little Old Lady Went Shopping for Ink, 1929) and the absurdist novella for adults “Starukha” (The Old Woman, 1939). Examining the old lady as an anachronistic wizened old muse and embodiment of writing itself across these boundaries in Kharms’s authorship illuminates the theme of silencing across both realms of the author’s oeuvre, since this figure, who stands for Kharms’s silenced authorship itself, embodies Kharms’s own marginalization, silencing, and censorship. Ultimately this article argues for the reunification of divided audiences to repair the fissure dividing the fields of children’s literature and literature for adults. 


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