Scientific and technical information's restoration in the open access environment through smart search engines

Open access is one of the topics that attracted the researchers interest as it is a turning point for the recovery of technical and scientific information’s recovery which requires a set of tools and technical skills. This study aims to discover the main problems of information’s recovery within open access in addition to the inventory of the most important smart search engines and to know the strategies of information’s recovery. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and came out with a number of important conclusions, the most important are : Searching for scientific and technical information in the open access environment has become a very difficult and the researcher does not know which of them is more useful. Relying on the common ranking of sites, smart search engines in its work, depends on semantic web applications, most notably XML, RDF and ontology, users can quickly find specific search results through smart search engines without having to become experts in search engines or have a well-defined strategies for searching within the open access environment. The study also showed that the semantic scholar search engine deals with open sources more efficiently than traditional search engines through its ability to discover these sources and display them to the beneficiary in a distinctive way.

Quantitative Estimation of Turning Point of Ageing Based on a Two-Stage Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The capacity fading of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is reported by a linear dependency followed by a nonlinear ageing process, where the former is dominated by solid electrolyte interphase formation and reformation (SEI and SEI-re), while the latter is by lithium plating. In this work, a two-stage model is developed to quantitatively predict the turning point during the capacity fading of LIBs, which couples the electrochemical and thermal models accounting for SEI, SEI-re and lithium plating. Accordingly, a quantitative evaluation method of the turning point is proposed by attributing the transition of the capacity fading to the balance of consumption of active lithium for SEI growth and lithium plating per cycle in the two stages. The characteristics of capacity fading of LIBs are quantitatively analyzed under various operation conditions and design parameters. An NCM111/graphite battery is used to validate the proposed model. The results shows the validity of the proposed model. The turning points of the capacity fading processes are influenced by operation and design parameters of LIBs, where lithium plating or SEI growth reign. According to the effect on the turning point, the order of significance of the factors are charging current, charging cut-off voltage, temperature and N/P ratio, respectively.

Summaries, Analysis and Simulations of COVID-19 Epidemics in Shanghai

Shanghai is the best city to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection in China. Since February 20, 2020, Shanghai has experienced five waves of COVID-19. Out of a total of 388 patients with COVID-19 symptoms, 381 were cured and seven died. Medical staff achieved zero infection. This paper summarizes, analyzes and simulates COVID-19 epidemics in Shanghai. The simulation results show that for five waves of epidemics, after reaching the infection turning point, the blocking rate of symptomatic infection is over 99%. The administration needs to maintain the prevention and control implemented 7 days after reaching the infection turning point until the new infection goes away.

Structural insights into an evolutionary turning-point of photosystem I from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

Photosystem I (PSI) contributes to light-conversion reactions; however, its oligomerization state is variable among photosynthetic organisms. Herein we present a 3.8-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopic structure of tetrameric PSI isolated from a glaucophyte alga Cyanophora paradoxa. The PSI tetramer is organized in a dimer of dimers form with a C2 symmetry. Different from cyanobacterial PSI tetramer, two of the four monomers are rotated around 90°, resulting in a totally different pattern of monomer-monomer interactions. Excitation-energy transfer among chlorophylls differs significantly between Cyanophora and cyanobacterial PSI tetramers. These structural and spectroscopic features reveal characteristic interactions and energy transfer in the Cyanophora PSI tetramer, thus offering an attractive idea for the changes of PSI from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.

Dynamical analysis of coronavirus disease with crowding effect, and vaccination: a study of third strain

Countries affected by the coronavirus epidemic have reported many infected cases and deaths based on world health statistics. The crowding factor, which we named "crowding effects," plays a significant role in spreading the diseases. However, the introduction of vaccines marks a turning point in the rate of spread of coronavirus infections. Modeling both effects is vastly essential as it directly impacts the overall population of the studied region. To determine the peak of the infection curve by considering the third strain, we develop a mathematical model (susceptible–infected–vaccinated–recovered) with reported cases from August 01, 2021, till August 29, 2021. The nonlinear incidence rate with the inclusion of both effects is the best approach to analyze the dynamics. The model's positivity, boundedness, existence, uniqueness, and stability (local and global) are addressed with the help of a reproduction number. In addition, the strength number and second derivative Lyapunov analysis are examined, and the model was found to be asymptotically stable. The suggested parameters efficiently control the active cases of the third strain in Pakistan. It was shown that a systematic vaccination program regulates the infection rate. However, the crowding effect reduces the impact of vaccination. The present results show that the model can be applied to other countries' data to predict the infection rate.

‘To stay, serve and witness’ – church politics and British inner cities in the 1980s

By analysing the Church of England's 1985 report Faith in the City (FITC), this article demonstrates that the church played a decisive role in shaping the discourse on British ‘inner cities’. Following a brief historical contextualization, the article examines the FITC report itself, how it came about and what arguments the Church of England introduced into the national debate on inner cities, as well as the media and political discussion that followed its publication and the reactions in the religious field. The article argues that the publication was a turning point in the inner cities discourse of the 1980s. It examines how the church succeeded in (re)directing national attention to the topic thereby countering the territorial stigmatization and replacing it with a more positive view focused on the potential of the residents living in the inner cities.

Beyond the Language of Covid-19: Transformation of Social Discourse and Reproduction of Cultural Capital

The research draws on the concept of ‘cultural capital’ as well as assumptions of critical discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics to argue that the Covid-19 pandemic may be viewed as a global turning point. The article explores the context and the means that have facilitated the transformation of cultural capital during the coronavirus outbreak. The dramatic changes to culture have been successfully pushed through due to the public’s incessant exposure to institutionalized, governmental and mass media discourses, which have been urging people to adopt new communicative and cultural practices with a varying degree of argumentation and imposition. The changes entail reviewing social structure, spatial and relational stereotypes and standards, which in the long run transforms cultural capital. The global scope of the pandemic and the relatively identical regulations imposed by governments on their citizens generate a tentative tendency to cultural convergence: individuals are made to abandon their culture specific practices and values and adopt those that ensure physical survival. Received: 8 September 2021 / Accepted: 16 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022