Breaking the In Vitro Barrier in Respiratory Medicine. Engineered Microphysiological Systems for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambez H. Benam ◽  
Melanie Königshoff ◽  
Oliver Eickelberg
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Medicine ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Microphysiological Systems

Respiratory medicine

2014 ◽  
pp. 293-340
Author(s):  
Chantal Simon ◽  
Hazel Everitt ◽  
Françoise van Dorp ◽  
Matt Burkes
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Respiratory Medicine ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Acute Exacerbations

Breathlessness Cough Chest signs Other signs of respiratory disease Respiratory investigations Bronchodilators and steroids Asthma in adults Asthma management in practice Drug treatment of asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Management of COPD Acute exacerbations of COPD Lung cancer Colds and influenza Pneumonia in adults Tuberculosis...

scholarly journals Th17/Treg Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Dias Lourenço ◽  
Juliana Tiyaki Ito ◽  
Milton de Arruda Martins ◽  
Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério ◽  
Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses mediated by Th17 and Treg cells is deeply involved in the development and progression of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several clinical and experimental studies have described the Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression. Due to its importance, many studies have also evaluated the effect of different treatments targeting Th17/Treg cells. However, discrepant results have been observed among different lung compartments, different COPD stages or local and systemic markers. Thus, the data must be carefully examined. In this context, this review explores and summarizes the recent outcomes of Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development and progression in clinical, experimental and in vitro studies.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Status in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mohiuddin ◽  
Abdul Wadud Chowdhury ◽  
Kazi Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Gaffar Amin ◽  
Abu Thaher Mohammad Mahfuzul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Respiratory Medicine ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Lv Diastolic Dysfunction

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a global health burden having systemic and extrapulmonary manifestations. Among them cardiovascular changes are the major comorbidity associated with COPD, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography is one of the simplest and noninvasive tools in assessing these changes. Objective: To evaluate the echocardiographic changes in patients with chronic obstruction palmonary disease. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in Department of Cardiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July, 2018 to June, 2019. Total 98 COPD patients were included in the study. They underwent spirometry in Department of Respiratory Medicine and echocardiography in Department of Cardiology. Data was collected from the patients and recorded in a structured report form. Results: Significant echocardiographic abnormalities were present in 51.02% patients. Most common echocardiographic change was pulmonary hypertension (43.9%). Other echocardiographic findings were dilated RA & RV (36.7%), RVH (35.7%), LV diastolic dysfunction (30.6%) and RV systolic dysfunction (9.2%). Echocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension, dilated RA & RV, RVH, RV systolic dysfunction and LV diastolic dysfunction were correlated with the severity of the disease. Though echocardiographic change of pulmonary hypertension was uncommon in COPD stage 1 & 2, but it was very common in stage 3(45.7%) & stage 4(92.9%). Conclusion: This study showed that echocardiographic changes were very common among the COPD GOLD stage 3 & 4 patients. Though these changes were infrequent among mild COPD patients but their severity increased with increasing stage of COPD. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 204-210

scholarly journals New Aspects on the Structure of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and In Vitro Generation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Obermayer ◽  
Walter Stoiber ◽  
Wolf-Dietrich Krautgartner ◽  
Michaela Klappacher ◽  
Barbara Kofler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Extracellular Traps

Effects of the α2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Dexmedetomidine on Bronchoconstriction in Dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Groeben ◽  
Wayne Mitzner ◽  
Robert H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Alpha2 Adrenoceptor

Background Tracheal intubation can elicit reflex bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, complicating mechanical ventilation and weaning from mechanical support. In vitro studies of human and animal bronchial tissue indicate that alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation can lead to smooth muscle relaxation and prevention of bronchoconstriction. Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist approved for sedation in the intensive care unit. Whether dexmedetomidine can affect reflex bronchoconstriction is unknown. Methods After the approval of the institutional animal care and use committee, five mongrel dogs were anesthetized with thiopental, endotracheally intubated, and ventilated, and their airways were challenged with histamine. High-resolution computed tomography was used to measure airway luminal areas at baseline and after nebulized histamine. After recovery to baseline, on separate days, dexmedetomidine (0.5 microg/kg) was administered either intravenously or as an aerosol, and the histamine challenge was repeated. Results At baseline, histamine constricted the airways to 66 +/- 27% (mean +/- SD) (P < 0.0001) and 59 +/- 30% (P < 0.0001) of maximum on the days dexmedetomidine was administered by intravenous and inhalational means, respectively. After recovery, intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine blocked the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction (87 +/- 30.4% of maximum, compared with histamine alone (P < 0.0001), whereas dexmedetomidine administered by inhalation showed no protective effect (45 +/- 30% of maximum; P < 0.0001 compared with histamine alone). Conclusion alpha2-Adrenoceptor stimulation with intravenous dexmedetomidine completely blocked histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Therefore, dexmedetomidine might be beneficial to decrease airway reactivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, particularly during weaning from mechanical ventilation, when neurally mediated airway reflexes may be elicited.

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