A new family placement for Australian blue squill, Chamaescilla: Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidoideae), not Asparagaceae

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
TODD G.B. McLAY ◽  
MICHAEL J. BAYLY
Keyword(s):  
Grain Shape ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
New Family ◽  
Australian Family

Chamaescilla is an endemic Australian genus, currently placed in the Asparagaceae, alongside other Australian endemic taxa in the tribe Lomandroideae. A recent molecular phylogeny indicated a relationship with another partly Australian family, the Xanthorrhoeaceae, but was not commented on by the authors. Here we added DNA sequence data for a single Chamaescilla specimen to an alignment representing all families in the Asparagales and performed parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Chamaescilla was strongly resolved as belonging to Xanthorrhoeaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae, alongside two non-Australian members, Simethis and Hemerocallis in the hemerocallid clade. This position is corroborated by morphological characters, including pollen grain shape. We also produced an age-calibrated phylogeny and infer that the geographic distribution of the clade is the result of long distance dispersal between the Eocene and Miocene.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Xiu-Lan Xu ◽  
Chun-Lin Yang ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Ying-Gao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Genus

In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

scholarly journals Lichens or endophytes? The enigmatic genus Leptosillia in the Leptosilliaceae fam. nov. (Xylariales), and Furfurella gen. nov. (Delonicicolaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Voglmayr ◽  
M.B. Aguirre-Hudson ◽  
H.G. Wagner ◽  
S. Tello ◽  
W.M. Jaklitsch
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
New Family ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Based on DNA sequence data, the genus Leptosillia is shown to belong to the Xylariales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS-LSU rDNA sequence data and of a combined matrix of SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 reveal that the genera Cresporhaphis and Liberomyces are congeneric with Leptosillia. Coelosphaeria fusariospora, Leptorhaphis acerina, Leptorhaphis quercus f. macrospora, Leptorhaphis pinicola, Leptorhaphis wienkampii, Liberomyces pistaciae, Sphaeria muelleri and Zignoëlla slaptonensis are combined in Leptosillia, and all of these taxa except for C. fusariospora, L. pinicola and L. pistaciae are epitypified. Coelosphaeria fusariospora and Cresporhaphis rhoina are lectotypified. Liberomyces macrosporus and L. saliciphilus, which were isolated as phloem and sapwood endophytes, are shown to be synonyms of Leptosillia macrospora and L. wienkampii, respectively. All species formerly placed in Cresporhaphis that are now transferred to Leptosillia are revealed to be non-lichenized. Based on morphology and ecology, Cresporhaphis chibaensis is synonymised with Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella, and C. rhoina is considered to be unrelated to the genus Leptosillia, but its generic affinities cannot be resolved in lack of DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses place Leptosillia as sister taxon to Delonicicolaceae, and based on morphological and ecological differences, the new family Leptosilliaceae is established. Furfurella, a new genus with the three new species, F. luteostiolata, F. nigrescens and F. stromatica, growing on dead branches of mediterranean fabaceous shrubs from tribe Genisteae, is revealed to be the closest relative of Delonicicola in the family Delonicicolaceae, which is emended. ITS rDNA sequence data retrieved from GenBank demonstrate that the Leptosilliaceae were frequently isolated or sequenced as endophytes from temperate to tropical regions, and show that the genus Leptosillia represents a widely distributed component of endophyte communities of woody plants.

scholarly journals Circinotrichum sinense, a new asexual fungus from Hubei, China

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Neil P. Schultes ◽  
Jing-Yuan Chen ◽  
Yi-Xun Wang ◽  
Rafael Felipe Castañeda-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Fungal Taxon ◽  
National Nature Reserve

A setose hyphomycete was collected as part of a recent expedition to search for microfungi in the Duheyuan National Nature Reserve in Hubei, China. The conidia are typical of Circinotrichum Nees, being curved or falcate, single-celled, colorless, smooth with a setula at the apical end, and similar to Circinotrichum rigidum. Circinotrichum sinense has a longer setula only at the apical end and verrucose setae, while C. rigidum has a setula on both ends and smooth setae. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS and LSU DNA sequence data and examination of the morphological characters showed that this fungus cannot be identified as any previously described species of Circinotrichum. Thus, a new fungal taxon is described. A key to recognized species of Circinotrichum is also provided.

scholarly journals New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Ebinghaus ◽  
Wolfgang Maier ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Dominik Begerow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
New Host ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Trees in the genusVachellia(previouslyAcacia) are commonly infected by the gall-inducing rustsRaveneliamacowanianaandR.evansii. Rust galls bearing aecial infections and relating uredinial and telial infections on the leaves of nineVachelliaspecies not previously recorded to be infected byRaveneliaspp. have recently been collected in South Africa. The rust fungi causing these infections were characterised using molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data of the LSU and ITS rDNA regions as well as morphological examinations. The host range ofR.macowanianaandR.evansiiwas thus re-assessed and extended from four to nine species and from one to three species, respectively. Application of Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of telial morphological characters provided evidence of an effect of the host species on the teliospore morphology inR.evansii, but only minor effects inR.macowaniana. A novel gall-inducingRaveneliasp. closely related toR.macowaniana, was found onVachelliaxanthophloeaand it is described here asR.xanthophloeae.

scholarly journals A novel histozoic myxosporean, Enteromyxum caesio n. sp., infecting the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning, with the creation of the Enteromyxidae n. fam., to formally accommodate this commercially important genus

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9529
Author(s):  
Mark A. Freeman ◽  
Tetsuya Yanagida ◽  
Àrni Kristmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
New Family ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Gastrointestinal myxosporean parasites from the genus Enteromyxum are known to cause severe disease, resulting in high mortalities in numerous species of cultured marine fishes globally. Originally described as Myxidium spp., they were transferred to a new genus, Enteromyxum, to emphasize their novel characteristics. Their retention in the family Myxidiidae at the time was warranted, but more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have since demonstrated the need for a new family for these parasites. We discovered a novel Enteromyxum in wild fish from Malaysia and herein describe the fourth species in the genus and erect a new family, the Enteromyxidae n. fam., to accommodate them. Enteromyxum caesio n. sp. is described infecting the tissues of the stomach in the redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning, from Malaysia. The new species is distinct from all others in the genus, as the myxospores although morphologically similar, are significantly smaller in size. Furthermore, small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data reveal that E. caesio is <84% similar to others in the genus, but collectively they form a robust and discrete clade, the Enteromyxidae n. fam., which is placed as a sister taxon to other histozoic marine myxosporeans. In addition, we describe, using transmission electron microscopy, the epicellular stages of Enteromyxum fugu and show a scanning electron micrograph of a mature myxospore of E. caesio detailing the otherwise indistinct sutural line, features of the polar capsules and spore valve ridges. The Enteromyxidae n. fam. is a commercially important group of parasites infecting the gastrointestinal tract of marine fishes and the histozoic species can cause the disease enteromyxosis in intensive finfish aquaculture facilities. Epicellular and sloughed histozoic stages are responsible for fish-to-fish transmission in net pen aquaculture systems but actinospores from an annelid host are thought to be necessary for transmission to fish in the wild.

Resurrection of Crypturgus subcribrosus Eggers 1933 stat. n., and its close phylogenetic relationship to Nearctic Crypturgus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1606 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJARTE H. JORDAL ◽  
MILOŠ KNÍšEK
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Elongation Factor 1Α ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship

Crypturgus subcribrosus Eggers is removed from synonymy under C. cinereus (Herbst) and reinstated as a valid species based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphological features. Phylogenetic analyses of Elongation Factor 1α and Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences in conjunction with morphological characters revealed a sister relationship between C. subcribrosus and two Nearctic species of Crypturgus, with C. cinereus unrelated to any of these taxa. Type material of C. cinereus has been located and lectotype with paralectotypes are designated. Amended diagnoses that include DNA barcodes are presented for C. subcribrosus and C. cinereus together with an identification key to the Fennoscandian species of Crypturgus.

scholarly journals From the frying pan: an unusual dwarf shrub from Namibia turns out to be a new brassicalean family

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 439 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
WESSEL SWANEPOEL ◽  
MARK W. CHASE ◽  
MAARTEN J.M. CHRISTENHUSZ ◽  
OLIVIER MAURIN ◽  
FÉLIX FOREST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
New Family ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Short Shoots ◽  
A New Species

Tiganophyton karasense, an evergreen dwarf shrub, is described as a new species. A new genus and family are also proposed for it in the order Brassicales. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data indicate that Tiganophyton is sister to Bataceae/Salvadoraceae, and all three sister to Koeberliniaceae. First realized to be undescribed in 2010, T. karasense is a rare species known only from three localities in the arid Karas Region, southern Namibia. These small shrubs grow near the edges of seasonal pans on calcareous substrate underlaid by shales and mudstones of the Prince Albert Formation of the Karoo Supergroup. Morphological characters diagnostic of the new family include: a marked differentiation into long and short shoots; dimorphic, spirally arranged leaves; glucosinolate production; bisexual laterally flattened flowers borne singly in bract axils on short shoots only; tetramerous calyx, corolla and androecium with fused sepals and free, non-clawed petals; a staminal disc, but no nectary glands; deeply bilobed ovary with a gynobasic style; S-shaped gynophore supporting a bilocular, horizontally orientated or inverted ovary; two ovules per locule; and a dry, persistent fruit, provisionally interpreted as a one-seeded nutlet. Based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria, a conservation assessment of Vulnerable (VU D1) is recommended for Tiganophyton karasense.

scholarly journals Seasonal Migration, Speciation, and Morphological Convergence in the Genus Catharus (Turdidae)

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1052-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Winker ◽  
Christin L. Pruett
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Species Flock ◽  
Hylocichla Mustelina ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy

Abstract The effects of seasonal migration on evolutionary change within lineages is poorly understood, in terms of both differentiation (cladogenesis) and specialization (anagenesis). Regarding differentiation, two contradictory hypotheses exist: Seasonal migration counters differentiation; or it can stimulate differentiation by exposing lineages to new environments. Regarding specialization, the morphological consequences of a migratory life history have not been well explored. We examined these issues by reconstructing morphological and molecular phylogenies of the genus Catharus (Turdidae), a group of forest-dwelling, New World thrushes traditionally considered to include a small “species flock” of Nearctic-Neotropic migrants. DNA sequence data (2,920–3,027 base pairs) do not support traditional taxonomy, and morphological characters conflicted with these data. Results suggest that long-distance seasonal migration arose independently four times in Catharus sensu lato (including Hylocichla mustelina). Correlated morphological evolution occurred among several characters in these lineages, and these shared traits may stem from ecological conditions in Nearctic forests. Migración Estacional, Especiación y Convergencia Morfológica en el Género Catharus (Turdidae)

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Xiu-Lan Xu ◽  
Chun-Lin Yang ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Ying-Gao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Genus

In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

scholarly journals New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Malte Ebinghaus ◽  
Wolfgang Maier ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Dominik Begerow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
New Host ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Trees in the genusVachellia(previouslyAcacia) are commonly infected by the gall-inducing rustsRaveneliamacowanianaandR.evansii. Rust galls bearing aecial infections and relating uredinial and telial infections on the leaves of nineVachelliaspecies not previously recorded to be infected byRaveneliaspp. have recently been collected in South Africa. The rust fungi causing these infections were characterised using molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data of the LSU and ITS rDNA regions as well as morphological examinations. The host range ofR.macowanianaandR.evansiiwas thus re-assessed and extended from four to nine species and from one to three species, respectively. Application of Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of telial morphological characters provided evidence of an effect of the host species on the teliospore morphology inR.evansii, but only minor effects inR.macowaniana. A novel gall-inducingRaveneliasp. closely related toR.macowaniana, was found onVachelliaxanthophloeaand it is described here asR.xanthophloeae.

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