Abstract
Background: Growth hormone (GH) can reduce oxidative stress (OS) induced apoptosis in some types of cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study investigated the role and underlying mechanism of GH in OS and apoptosis in GCs of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Primary GCs were collected from patients with and without PCOS (controls, n = 32) during oocyte retrieval. The patients with PCOS were randomly assigned to receive treatment with GH (PCOS-GH, n = 30) or without GH (PCOS-C, n = 31). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by spectrophotometry and fluorescence microscopy. GC apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining and JC-1 staining, respectively (flow cytometry). The expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins involved in PI3K/Akt signaling was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, while active caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Result(s): The present study found that compared with those in the non-PCOS and PCOS-GH groups, the ROS levels and apoptotic rates were significantly increased, whereas MMP was significantly decreased in the PCOS-C group GCs (P < 0.05). Compared with those in non-PCOS and PCOS-GH groups, mRNA levels of FOXO1, Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were significantly increased, whereas Bcl-2 was decreased in the GCs of the PCOS-C group (P < 0.05). The protein levels of FOXO1, Bax, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 were increased, whereas p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, p-FOXO1 and Bcl-2 were decreased in the GCs of the PCOS-C group, compared with those in the non-PCOS and PCOS-GH groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: OS induced apoptosis and inactivated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in patients with PCOS. GH could improve apoptosis and activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Clinical Trial Registration Number: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx). ChiCTR1800019437. Prospectively registered on October 20, 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=28663&htm= 4
Growth Hormone Neuroprotection Against Kainate Excitotoxicity in the Retina is Mediated by Notch/PTEN/Akt Signaling