scholarly journals A diffusion model decomposition of motion processing performance in children with dyslexia and related neural dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2921
Author(s):  
Catherine Manning ◽  
Cameron D Hassall ◽  
Laurence T Hunt ◽  
Anthony M Norcia ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Model Decomposition

Does the Name-Race Implicit Association Test Measure Racial Prejudice?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽  
Han L. J. van der Maas ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Test Measure

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has shown that names labeled as Caucasian elicit more positive associations than names labeled as non-Caucasian. One interpretation of this result is that the IAT measures latent racial prejudice. An alternative explanation is that the result is due to differences in in-group/out-group membership. In this study, we conducted three different IATs: one with same-race Dutch names versus racially charged Moroccan names; one with same-race Dutch names versus racially neutral Finnish names; and one with Moroccan names versus Finnish names. Results showed equivalent effects for the Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch-Finnish IATs, but no effect for the Finnish-Moroccan IAT. This suggests that the name-race IAT-effect is not due to racial prejudice. A diffusion model decomposition indicated that the IAT-effects were caused by changes in speed of information accumulation, response conservativeness, and non-decision time.

A New Spin on Spatial Cognition in ADHD: A Diffusion Model Decomposition of Mental Rotation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jason S. Feldman ◽  
Cynthia Huang-Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Boundary Separation ◽  
Slow Drift ◽  
Nondecision Time

Abstract Objectives: Multiple studies have found evidence of task non-specific slow drift rate in ADHD, and slow drift rate has rapidly become one of the most visible cognitive hallmarks of the disorder. In this study, we use the diffusion model to determine whether atypicalities in visuospatial cognitive processing exist independently of slow drift rate. Methods: Eight- to twelve-year-old children with (n = 207) and without ADHD (n = 99) completed a 144-trial mental rotation task. Results: Performance of children with ADHD was less accurate and more variable than non-ADHD controls, but there were no group differences in mean response time. Drift rate was slower, but nondecision time was faster for children with ADHD. A Rotation × ADHD interaction for boundary separation was also found in which children with ADHD did not strategically adjust their response thresholds to the same degree as non-ADHD controls. However, the Rotation × ADHD interaction was not significant for nondecision time, which would have been the primary indicator of a specific deficit in mental rotation per se. Conclusions: Poorer performance on the mental rotation task was due to slow rate of evidence accumulation, as well as relative inflexibility in adjusting boundary separation, but not to impaired visuospatial processing specifically. We discuss the implications of these findings for future cognitive research in ADHD.

scholarly journals Neural dynamics of motion processing and speed discrimination

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (18) ◽  
pp. 2769-2786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chey ◽  
Stephen Grossberg ◽  
Ennio Mingolla
Keyword(s):  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Speed Discrimination

scholarly journals A diffusion model decomposition of the effects of alcohol on perceptual decision making

2011 ◽  
Vol 219 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽  
Gilles Dutilh ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals A Bayesian hierarchical diffusion model decomposition of performance in Approach–Avoidance Tasks

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos ◽  
Tom Beckers ◽  
Merel Kindt ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Hierarchical Diffusion ◽  
Approach Avoidance

scholarly journals A diffusion model decomposition of the practice effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Dutilh ◽  
Joachim Vandekerckhove ◽  
Francis Tuerlinckx ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Model Decomposition

Task-Related Versus Stimulus-Specific Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Dutilh ◽  
Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Transfer Experiment ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Nondecision Time ◽  
Specific Practice

When people repeatedly practice the same cognitive task, their response times (RT) invariably decrease. Dutilh, Vandekerckhove, Tuerlinckx, and Wagenmakers (2009) argued that the traditional focus on how mean RT decreases with practice offers limited insight; their diffusion model analysis showed that the effect of practice is multifaceted, involving an increase in rate of information processing, a decrease in response caution, adjusted response bias, and, unexpectedly, a strong decrease in nondecision time. In this study, we aim to further disentangle these effects into stimulus-specific and task-related components. The data of a transfer experiment, in which repeatedly presented sets and new sets of stimuli were alternated, show that the practice effects on both speed of information processing and time needed for peripheral processing are partly task-related and partly stimulus-specific. The effects on response caution and response bias appear to be task-related. This diffusion model decomposition provides a perspective on practice that is more detailed and more informative than the traditional analysis of mean RT.

A diffusion model decomposition of practice

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers ◽  
Angelos Krypotos ◽  
Gilles Dutilh
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Model Decomposition

A new lithium diffusion model in layered oxides based on asymmetric but reversible transition metal migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyojin Ku ◽  
Byunghoon Kim ◽  
Sung-Kyun Jung ◽  
Yue Gong ◽  
Donggun Eum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Layered Oxide ◽  
Reversible Transition ◽  
Lithium Diffusion ◽  
Metal Migration

We propose a new lithium diffusion model involving coupled lithium and transition metal migration, peculiarly occurring in a lithium-rich layered oxide.

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