Are Effects of School Resource Officers Moderated by Student Race and Ethnicity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872199934
Author(s):  
Scott Crosse ◽  
Denise C. Gottfredson ◽  
Erin L. Bauer ◽  
Zhiqun Tang ◽  
Michele A. Harmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Students ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Resource Officer ◽  
School Crime ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
Resource Officer ◽  
School Resource

We examined whether effects of an increase in school resource officer (SRO) staffing on school crime and exclusionary disciplinary responses to school crime varied by student race and ethnicity. Using monthly school level administrative data, we compared change in outcomes for 33 schools that enhanced SRO staffing and a matched sample of 72 schools that did not increase SRO staffing at the same time. We found that increases in offenses and exclusionary reactions due to increased SRO presence were most evident for Black and Hispanic as opposed to White students. Educational decision-makers should carefully weigh the benefits of placing SROs in schools against the knowledge that this practice differentially increases recorded school crime and exclusion from school for students of color.

School Resource Officer Perceptions and Correlates of Work Roles

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
School Resource Officer ◽  
Work Roles ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Resource Officer ◽  
And Training ◽  
School Resource

Abstract Officers assigned to schools are highly visible with many opportunities to communicate with citizens, though they are relatively isolated from other officers. School resource officers (SROs) are often expected to perform unconventional police roles, including counselling and teaching. Research is beginning to explore how SROs respond to different work settings and role expectations, which poses practical implications for how officers adapt and how they influence the lives of students, parents, and school staff. The present study first examined the work roles of SROs in a Midwestern region. Secondly, this study explored the relationships between SRO roles, individual characteristics, and school characteristics. SROs assigned to programmes in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri were surveyed and a subset of 20 officers were interviewed and observed during their shifts. Findings showed SROs performed both conventional and non-conventional roles. Multivariate analyses revealed SROs in urban schools and high schools performed more conventional police tasks involving law enforcement and order maintenance, while SROs who supported community policing engaged in more service, mentoring, and teaching tasks. The results highlight areas to enhance community policing in schools, particularly through selection and training of SROs.

Case Studies of 19 School Resource Officer (SRO) Programs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Finn ◽  
Jack McDevitt ◽  
William Lassiter ◽  
Michael Shively ◽  
Tom Rich
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
School Resource Officer ◽  
Resource Officer ◽  
School Resource

School Crime and the Patterns of Roles of School Resource Officers: Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1606-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Fisher ◽  
Deanna N. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Level ◽  
School Resource Officers ◽  
School Crime ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Role Profiles ◽  
School Resource

This study used national-level two-wave longitudinal data from school principals ( N = 850) to examine whether and the extent to which implementing school resource officers (SROs) with varying role profiles related to changes in crime recorded in schools and reported to police. We identified three common role profiles of SROs: Low Engagement, Full Triad, and Reactionary. Implementing SROs engaged primarily in law enforcement (i.e., Reactionary SROs) predicted increases in recording nonserious violent and property crimes and a decrease in reporting drug crime to the police, respectively. Implementing Full Triad SROs who were also engaged in additional roles (e.g., mentoring) predicted a reduction in recording nonserious violent crimes, but an increase in recording property crimes and reporting crime to law enforcement.

scholarly journals Standing out and Sorting in: Exploring the Role of Racial Composition in Racial Disparities in Special Education

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Fish
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Native American ◽  
White Students ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
School Level ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
School Practices ◽  
Native American Students

Schools differentially sort students into special education by race, though researchers debate the extent to which this is caused by racist school practices versus variation in student need due to other racial inequalities. I test the interaction between school-level racial composition and student-level race as a predictor of special education receipt. I find that as the proportion of White students increases, the risk of lower-status disabilities, such as intellectual disability, increases for Black, Latinx, and Native American students. As the proportion of White students decreases, White students’ risk of higher status disabilities, such as speech/language impairment, increases relative to students of color. Thus, in the context of racial distinctiveness, student race becomes salient to sorting into special education.

Effects of school resource officers on school crime and responses to school crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Gottfredson ◽  
Scott Crosse ◽  
Zhiqun Tang ◽  
Erin L. Bauer ◽  
Michele A. Harmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Resource Officers ◽  
School Crime ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
School Resource
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