Transcendence and Immanence in Contemporary Psychotherapies: Trends, Tensions, and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-254
Author(s):  
Marie Hoffman ◽  
Lowell Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human History ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Psychotherapy Theory ◽  
Human Understanding

Psychotherapies, beginning with psychoanalysis, came of age in the waning years of the modern age. As our world has been turned by a new paradigm we call the postmodern critique, psychotherapy theory and practice along with all disciplines, changed and developed within this new paradigm. For millennia, cultures were guided by imbedded implicit presuppositions that held in dialectic tension the parallel realities of transcendence and immanence. The progressive rejection of transcendence over the last seventy years has collapsed the dialectic, and has radically and absolutely altered the course of human history. The loss of transcendence has denuded psychotherapy of nearly all vestiges of human understanding that claim to be lawful, universal, or absolute. This paper will explore the current presuppositions, theory, and practice of psychotherapy, and beckon psychotherapists who are Christians to renew their affirmation of and reliance upon a fully orbed treatment approach.

scholarly journals Gayatri Spivak leitora de Paradise Lost: um texto transdisciplinar

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Ferreira Sá
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
John Milton ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Gayatri Spivak

Resumo: Em Paradise Lost, de John Milton, épico e império se encontram dissociados. Contrário a muitas leituras tradicionais, essa escrita do início da Era Moderna inglesa intersecta o pensamento pós-colonial de várias maneiras. Ao usar o circuito pós-colonial de teoria e prática textual de Gayatri Spivak, este artigo desenvolve uma desleitura em contraponto desse texto de Milton: Paradise Lost poderá finalmente libertar-se de seu conteúdo colonial e liberar seu conteúdo pós-colonial.Palavras-chave: Gayatri Spivak; pós-colonialismo; John Milton.Abstract: In John Milton’s Paradise Lost epic and empire are dissociated. Contrary to many misreadings,32 this all-important writing of the English Early Modern Age intersects postcolonial thinking in a number of ways. By using Gayatri Spivak’s circuit of postcolonial theory and practice, this article enacts a contrapuntal (mis)reading of Milton’s text: Paradise Lost may at last free its (post)colonial (dis)content.Keywords: Gayatri Spivak; postcolonialism; John Milton.

At the Crossroads: Justus Lipsius and the Early Modern Development of International Law

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
HALVARD LEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The Many ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
The Way

Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) was among the most famed intellectuals in his time, but was largely forgotten during the Enlightenment. Intellectually, he stood at an important crossroads, his thought incorporating both late Renaissance traits and precursors of the early modern age. In this article I give a brief intellectual background to Lipsius's thought before concentrating on his thought regarding the lawful interaction between polities, with a focus on lawful government, dissimulation, war, and empire. I then detail the way in which Lipsian thought critically informed later theory and practice. It contained an eclectic mix of divine law, natural law, and positive human law, with some elements borrowed and popularized from earlier writers and others being more original. In the end, his work stands out both as an important inspiration for later theorists and practitioners, and as an example of the many idiosyncrasies and possible trajectories that early international law could have adopted.

Descartes and Spiritual Exercises

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Kerem Eksen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

The present study is an attempt to contribute to the debates on the relationship between spiritual traditions and Descartes’s Meditations. Taking its point of departure from Pierre Hadot’s inspiring studies, the article aims to describe the nature of the philosophical practice that Meditations embodies and to discuss the ways in which the work can be located in the history of the relations between theory and practice. To this end, Hadot’s suggestion that Meditations should be read as a set of spiritual exercises will be criticized through an analysis of the nature of the “non-argumentative” or “experiential” level that is at work in Descartes’s text. By showing that the transformation intended by Descartes does not reach beyond the level of cognition, it will be argued that even though Descartes makes use of certain key elements of the spiritualist literature, he belongs to the modern age of “philosophy without spirituality.”

Majority Judgment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Balinski ◽  
Rida Laraki
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Strategic Manipulation ◽  
Majority Judgment ◽  
Collective Ranking ◽  
The Many ◽  
Traditional Paradigm

This book argues that the traditional theory of social choice offers no acceptable solution to the problems of how to elect, judge, or rank. It finds that the traditional model—transforming the “preference lists” of individuals into a “preference list” of society—is fundamentally flawed in both theory and practice. The authors propose a different model, which leads to a new theory and method: majority judgment. Majority judgment is meaningful, resists strategic manipulation, elicits honesty, and is not subject to the classical paradoxes encountered in practice, notably Condorcet’s paradox and Arrow’s paradox. The authors offer theoretical, practical and experimental evidence—from national elections to figure skating competitions—to support their arguments. Drawing on wine, sports, music, and other competitions, they argue that the question should not be how to transform many individual rankings into a single collective ranking but rather, after defining a common language of grades to measure merit, how to transform the many individual evaluations of each competitor into a single collective evaluation of all competitors. The crux of the matter is a new model in which the traditional paradigm—to compare—is replaced by a new paradigm: to evaluate.

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