Social Mobility in the Reformed Army of Colonial New Granada

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-450
Author(s):  
Allan J. Kuethe
Keyword(s):  
2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Echeverri

Abstract This article examines the royalist forces that rose in defense of the colonial order in the southwestern region of New Granada, Colombia, a royalist stronghold where slaves and local Indians united with Spanish forces to fight against independence armies. Enslaved blacks and Indians were perceived by royalist elites as valuable allies, and for that reason elites were willing to negotiate and offer concessions to secure their loyalty. I describe the complex negotiations with Indians in terms of tribute payment, and with slaves over freedom, that have been left completely out of an independence narrative that has assumed that Indians and blacks participated as royalists exclusively as cannon fodder or always in disadvantageous terms. My contribution is specifically to provide insight into the ways in which Indians and slaves positioned themselves as political actors in the context of empire, and how their particular political histories determined their negotiation with royalist factions during the independence process, when, for both groups, militia service became an avenue for social mobility and provided new means of protecting and expanding their rights.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Bukodi ◽  
John H. Goldthorpe
Keyword(s):  

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashland Thompson ◽  
Sherry C. Eaton ◽  
Linda M. Burton ◽  
Whitney Welsh ◽  
Jonathan Livingston ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-290
Author(s):  
Robert Anderson

Lyon Playfair was a champion of scientific and technical education who was professor of chemistry at Edinburgh University before serving as a Liberal M.P., initially for a Scottish university seat, from 1868 to 1892. This article looks mainly at his role in debates on the Education Act of 1872 and the bills which preceded it. Playfair sought to define the democratic traditions of Scottish education, especially emphasising the legacy of John Knox, and to adapt them to the new national system. He idealised the direct connection between parish schools and universities, and the opportunities available to talented boys, using newly available statistics to support his case. He also contributed to the shaping of Scottish secondary education, and to establishing the modern idea of social mobility through educational merit. When the Scottish Office was established in 1885, Playfair opposed the devolution of education and this dissent led him to move to an English seat. His career has a wider interest for the history of Scottish politics in the age of Gladstone.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hadijah Che Matos
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Jennifer Morton

Upward mobility through the path of higher education has been an article of faith for generations of working-class, low-income, and immigrant college students. While we know this path usually entails financial sacrifices and hard work, very little attention has been paid to the deep personal compromises such students have to make as they enter worlds vastly different from their own. Measuring the true cost of higher education for those from disadvantaged backgrounds, this book looks at the ethical dilemmas of upward mobility—the broken ties with family and friends, the severed connections with former communities, and the loss of identity—faced by students as they strive to earn a successful place in society. The book reframes the college experience, factoring in not just educational and career opportunities but also essential relationships with family, friends, and community. Finding that student strivers tend to give up the latter for the former, negating their sense of self, the book seeks to reverse this course. It urges educators to empower students with a new narrative of upward mobility—one that honestly situates ethical costs in historical, social, and economic contexts and that allows students to make informed decisions for themselves. The book paves a hopeful road so that students might achieve social mobility while retaining their best selves.


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