scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders, Explanatory Models and Consultation Behaviour among Indian Women Living in the UK

1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S Jacob ◽  
D Bhugra ◽  
K R Lloyd ◽  
A H Mann
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
The Uk

Women of Indian origin are said to have a lower rate of recognized common mental disorders and a higher frequency of consultation in primary care than white British. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors, including explanatory models (patient perspectives) of illness, associated with common mental disorders and with frequency of consultation among women of Indian origin in primary care. The investigation was conducted in a general practice in West London with a large Indian population. Consecutive woman attenders of Indian descent were screened with the General Health Questionnaire-12 to identify probable cases of psychiatric morbidity. 100 patients were interviewed with the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R), a specific tool for the diagnosis of common mental disorders, and the Short Explanatory Model Interview, which elicits the individual's conceptualization of his or her illness. Those patients who satisfied CIS-R criteria were classified as ‘cases’, the others as ‘controls’. Common mental disorders were documented in 30% of patients. The general practitioner's diagnosis of common mental disorders had a sensitivity of 17% and a specificity of 91%. Individuals with common mental disorders had a higher frequency of consultation (P=0.017), were less likely to see depression as an indication for medical intervention and were more likely to withhold some of their concerns from the general practitioner. Incorrect diagnosis by the GP was most likely to occur when patients did not disclose all their complaints. These associations were all statistically significant after adjustment for possible confounders by multiple linear and logistic regression. Women of Indian origin in this sample had rates of common mental disorders similar to those in other UK populations. Differing conceptualizations of common mental disorders may contribute to their underrecognition in women of Indian origin.

scholarly journals Detecting common mental disorders in primary care in India: a comparison of five screening questionnaires

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patel ◽  
R. Araya ◽  
N. Chowdhary ◽  
M. King ◽  
B. Kirkwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Distress Scale

BackgroundScreening of patients for common mental disorders (CMDs) is needed in primary-care management programmes. This study aimed to compare the screening properties of five widely used questionnaires.MethodAdult attenders in five primary-care settings in India were recruited through systematic sampling. Four questionnaires were administered, in pairs, in random order to participants: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 12 items); the Primary Health Questionnaire (PHQ, nine items); the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 items), and from which we could extract the score of the shorter 6-item K6; and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ, 20 items). All participants were interviewed with a structured lay diagnostic interview, the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).ResultsComplete data were available for 598 participants (participation rate 99.3%). All five questionnaires showed moderate to high discriminating ability; the GHQ and SRQ showed the best results. All five showed moderate to high degrees of correlation with one another, the poorest being between the two shortest questionnaires, K6 and PHQ. All five had relatively good internal consistency. However, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the questionnaires compared with the diagnostic interview ranged from 51% to 77% at the optimal cut-off scores.ConclusionsThere is little difference in the ability of these questionnaires to identify cases accurately, but none showed high PPVs without a considerable compromise on sensitivity. Hence, the choice of an optimum cut-off score that yields the best balance between sensitivity and PPV may need to be tailored to individual settings, with a higher cut-off being recommended in resource-limited primary-care settings.

scholarly journals Socio-economic position and common mental disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Nicola Singleton ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIndividuals in lower socio-economic groups have an increased prevalence of common mental disorders.AimsTo investigate the longitudinal association between socio-economic position and common mental disorders in a general population sample in the UK.MethodParticipants (n=2406) were assessed at two time points 18 months apart with the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The sample was stratified into two cohorts according to mental health status at baseline.ResultsNone of the socio-economic indicators studied was significantly associated with an episode of common mental disorder at follow-up after adjusting for baseline psychiatric morbidity. The analysis of separate diagnostic categories showed that subjective financial difficulties at baseline were independently associated with depression at follow-up in both cohorts.ConclusionsThese findings support the view that apart from objective measures of socio-economic position, more subjective measures might be equally important from an aetiological or clinical perspective.

scholarly journals Help-seeking and receipt of treatment among UK service personnel

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Iversen ◽  
Lauren van Staden ◽  
Jamie Hacker Hughes ◽  
Tess Browne ◽  
Neil Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Military Health ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundFor armed forces personnel, data on help-seeking behaviour and receipt of treatment for mental disorders are important for both research and policy.AimsTo examine mental healthcare service use and receipt of treatment in a sample of the UK military.MethodParticipants were drawn from an existing UK military health cohort. The sample was stratified by reserve status and by participation in the main war-fighting period of the Iraq War. Participants completed a telephone-based structured diagnostic interview comprising the Patient Health Questionnaire and Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Screen (PC–PTSD), and a series of questions about service utilisation and treatment receipt.ResultsOnly 23% of those with common mental disorders and still serving in the military were receiving any form of medical professional help. Non-medical sources of help such as chaplains were more widely used. Among regular personnel in receipt of professional help, most were seen in primary care (79%) and the most common treatment was medication or counselling/psychotherapy. Few regular personnel were receiving cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT). These findings are comparable with those reported for the general population.ConclusionsIn the UK armed forces, the majority of those with mental disorders are not currently seeking medical help for their symptoms. Further work to understand barriers to care is important and timely given that this is a group at risk of occupational psychiatric injury.

scholarly journals Common mental disorders, subthreshold symptoms and disability: longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Rai ◽  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Nicola Wiles ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Aggregate Burden

SummaryIn a representative sample of the UK population we found that common mental disorders (as a group and in ICD–10 diagnostic categories) and subthreshold psychiatric symptoms at baseline were both independently associated with new-onset functional disability and significant days lost from work at 18-month follow-up. Subthreshold symptoms contributed to almost half the aggregate burden of functional disability and over 32 million days lost from work in the year preceding the study. Leaving these symptoms unaccounted for in surveys may lead to gross underestimation of disability related to psychiatric morbidity.

Diabetes, Common Mental Disorders, and Disability: Findings From the UK National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayati Das-Munshi ◽  
Rob Stewart ◽  
Khalida Ismail ◽  
Paul E. Bebbington ◽  
Rachel Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Evaluation of ethnic disparities in detection of depression and anxiety in primary care during the maternal period: Combined analysis of routine and cohort data

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Prady ◽  
Kate E. Pickett ◽  
Emily S. Petherick ◽  
Simon Gilbody ◽  
Tim Croudace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minority Ethnic

BackgroundThere are limited data on detection disparities of common mental disorders in minority ethnic women.AimsDescribe the natural history of common mental disorders in primary care in the maternal period, characterise women with, and explore ethnic disparities in, detected and potentially missed common mental disorders.MethodSecondary analyses of linked birth cohort and primary care data involving 8991 (39.4% White British) women in Bradford. Common mental disorders were characterised through indications in the electronic medical record. Potentially missed common mental disorders were defined as an elevated General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) score during pregnancy with no corresponding common mental disorder markers in the medical record.ResultsEstimated prevalence of pre-birth common mental disorders was 9.5%, rising to 14.0% 3 years postnatally. Up to half of cases were potentially missed. Compared with White British women, minority ethnic women were twice as likely to have potentially missed common mental disorders and half as likely to have a marker of screening for common mental disorders.ConclusionsCommon mental disorder detection disparities exist for minority ethnic women in the maternal period.

scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life of primary care attenders in two cities in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Batista Portugal ◽  
Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Daniel Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
Jair de Jesus Mari ◽  
Linda Gask ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Two Cities

Objective: To identify the associations among quality of life (QoL), social determinants and psychological distress in primary care in two cities in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 1,466 patients from 2009 to 2010. The statistical analysis used the t-test to compare the variables of interest to the study. Results: The prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD3), severe forms of Common Mental Disorders (CMD5), anxiety and depression were 20.5%, 32%, 37% and 25.1% respectively. Thes presence of psychological distress is associated with worse QoL among the patients studied, especially those older than 40 years of age. In cases of CMD3, those with higher income and educational levels presented higher QoL in the psychical and psychological domains. For the cases of probable anxiety, those with higher educational levels presented lower scores on the physical and social relationship scores. Conclusion: Psychological distress can be associated with a worse QoL among those studied and can be influenced by socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, it is important to structure patient-centered help, which should also include patients’ social contexts.

Common mental disorders in primary care in Harare, Zimbabwe: Associations and risk factors

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Charles Todd ◽  
Mark Winston ◽  
Fungisai Gwanzura ◽  
Essie Simunyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Traditional Medical Practitioner ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the associations for common mental disorders (CMD) among primary care attenders in Harare.MethodThis was an unmatched case-control study of attenders at primary health clinics, general practitioner surgeries and traditional medical practitioner clinics; 199 cases with CMD as identified by an indigenously developed case-finding questionnaire, and 197 controls (non-cases), were interviewed using measures of sociodemographic data, disability, care-giver diagnoses and treatment, explanatory models, life events and alcohol use.ResultsCMD was associated with female gender (.=0.04) and older age (.=0.02). After adjustment for age, gender and site of recruitment, CMD was significantly associated with chronicity of illness; number of presenting complaints; beliefs in “thinking too much” and witchcraft as a causal model; economic impoverishment; infertility; recent unemployment; an unhappy childhood for females; disability; and consultations with traditional medical practitioners and religious priests.ConclusionsMental disorders are associated with female gender, disability, economic deprivation, and indigenous labels of distress states.

scholarly journals International and regional variation in the prevalence of common mental disorders: do we need more surveys?

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Weich ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Locations

Vicente and his colleagues present admirably concise findings from a large epidemiological survey of non-psychotic psychiatric morbidity in four different geographical locations in Chile (Vicente et al, 2004, this issue). Without gainsaying the importance of psychiatric morbidity in that country, many readers, including local decision-makers, may find it difficult to assimilate these results.

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