scholarly journals Effects of bone cement filling in rabbit proximal femoral medullary cavity on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 5237-5244
Author(s):  
Li-Cheng Xi ◽  
Hong-Yu Li ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Si-Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Medullary Cavity ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Point

Objective A rabbit model was used to evaluate the effects of bone-cemented hip arthroplasty on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism relative to that of the non-cemented contralateral leg. Methods The marrow cavity of the right hind femur was filled with bone cement. At each of the following time points, rabbits were randomly selected to receive an injection of one dose of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate and then immediately scanned using a gamma camera: immediately postoperatively and at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. A BL-410 model biofunction experimental system was used to analyze the acquired images and determine the radioactive counts of each hind leg. Results The X-ray and photographic images of the right femoral bones confirmed successful filling of the marrow cavity with bone cement. The radioactive counts were significantly lower in the experimental than control legs at each time point. The ratio of the radioactive count of the experimental to control leg increased considerably at each time point, but each ratio was <1. Conclusion Blocking the proximal femoral medullary cavity with bone cement was associated with significant lowering of the blood circulation of the femur and marrow, decreasing the distal femoral blood flow and bone metabolic rate.

Central command contributes to increased blood flow in the noncontracting muscle at the start of one-legged dynamic exercise in humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1961-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Ishii ◽  
Nan Liang ◽  
Anna Oue ◽  
Ai Hirasawa ◽  
Kohei Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Central Command ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Mechanoreflex ◽  
Femoral Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Whether neurogenic vasodilatation contributes to exercise hyperemia is still controversial. Blood flow to noncontracting muscle, however, is chiefly regulated by a neural mechanism. Although vasodilatation in the nonexercising limb was shown at the onset of exercise, it was unclear whether central command or muscle mechanoreflex is responsible for the vasodilatation. To clarify this, using voluntary one-legged cycling with the right leg in humans, we measured the relative changes in concentrations of oxygenated-hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) of the noncontracting vastus lateralis (VL) muscle with near-infrared spectroscopy as an index of tissue blood flow and femoral blood flow to the nonexercising leg. Oxy-Hb in the noncontracting VL and femoral blood flow increased ( P < 0.05) at the start period of voluntary one-legged cycling without accompanying a rise in arterial blood pressure. In contrast, no increases in Oxy-Hb and femoral blood flow were detected at the start period of passive one-legged cycling, suggesting that muscle mechanoreflex cannot explain the initial vasodilatation of the noncontracting muscle during voluntary one-legged cycling. Motor imagery of the voluntary one-legged cycling increased Oxy-Hb of not only the right but also the left VL. Furthermore, an increase in Oxy-Hb of the contracting VL, which was observed at the start period of voluntary one-legged cycling, had the same time course and magnitude as the increase in Oxy-Hb of the noncontracting muscle. Thus it is concluded that the centrally induced vasodilator signal is equally transmitted to the bilateral VL muscles, not only during imagery of exercise but also at the start period of voluntary exercise in humans.

scholarly journals Human muscle length-dependent changes in blood flow

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McDaniel ◽  
Stephen J. Ives ◽  
Russell S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Joint Angle ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Although a multitude of factors that influence skeletal muscle blood flow have been extensively investigated, the influence of muscle length on limb blood flow has received little attention. Thus the purpose of this investigation was to determine if cyclic changes in muscle length influence resting blood flow. Nine healthy men (28 ± 4 yr of age) underwent a passive knee extension protocol during which the subjects' knee joint was passively extended and flexed through 100–180° knee joint angle at a rate of 1 cycle per 30 s. Femoral blood flow, cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were continuously recorded during the entire protocol. These measurements revealed that slow passive changes in knee joint angle did not have a significant influence on HR, SV, MAP, or CO; however, net femoral blood flow demonstrated a curvilinear increase with knee joint angle ( r2 = 0.98) such that blood flow increased by ∼90% (125 ml/min) across the 80° range of motion. This net change in blood flow was due to a constant antegrade blood flow across knee joint angle and negative relationship between retrograde blood flow and knee joint angle ( r2 = 0.98). Thus, despite the absence of central hemodynamic changes and local metabolic factors, blood flow to the leg was altered by changes in muscle length. Therefore, when designing research protocols, researchers need to be cognizant of the fact that joint angle, and ultimately muscle length, influence limb blood flow.

scholarly journals Systemic and regional hemodynamic response to activation of the exercise pressor reflex in patients with peripheral artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (4) ◽  
pp. H916-H924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Jin-Kwang Kim ◽  
Marcos Kuroki ◽  
Jian Cui ◽  
Zhaohui Gao ◽  
J. Carter Luck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Exercise Pressor Reflex ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood ◽  
Pressor Reflex ◽  
Artery Disease

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have an accentuated exercise pressor reflex (EPR) during exercise of the affected limb. The underlying hemodynamic changes responsible for this, and its effect on blood flow to the exercising extremity, are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the exaggerated EPR in PAD is mediated by an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR), which augments redistribution of blood flow to the exercising limb. Twelve patients with PAD and 12 age- and sex-matched subjects without PAD performed dynamic plantar flexion (PF) using the most symptomatic leg at progressive workloads of 2–12 kg (increased by 1 kg/min until onset of fatigue). We measured heart rate, beat-by-beat blood pressure, femoral blood flow velocity (FBV), and muscle oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) continuously during the exercise. Femoral blood flow (FBF) was calculated from FBV and baseline femoral artery diameter. Stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and TPR were derived from the blood pressure tracings. Mean arterial blood pressure and TPR were significantly augmented in PAD compared with control during PF. FBF increased during exercise to an equal extent in both groups. However, [Formula: see text] of the exercising limb remained significantly lower in PAD compared with control. We conclude that the exaggerated pressor response in PAD is mediated by an abnormal TPR response, which augments redistribution of blood flow to the exercising extremity, leading to an equal rise in FBF compared with controls. However, this increase in FBF is not sufficient to normalize the SmO2 response during exercise in patients with PAD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients and healthy control subjects performed graded, dynamic plantar flexion exercise. Data from this study suggest that previously reported exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in patients with PAD is driven by greater vasoconstriction in nonexercising vascular territories which also results in a redistribution of blood flow to the exercising extremity. However, this rise in femoral blood flow does not fully correct the oxygen deficit due to changes in other mechanisms that require further investigation.

The effect of iodixanol, anew isotonic contrast agent, on femoral blood flow in man

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Pugh ◽  
G.R.J. Sissons ◽  
M. Ruttley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood

Noninvasive measurement of femoral blood flow and portal pressure response to propranolol in patients with cirrhosis

Hepatology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Luca ◽  
Juan Carlos Garí-Pagán ◽  
Faust Feu ◽  
Juan Carlos Lopez-Talavera ◽  
Mercedes Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Noninvasive Measurement ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood

Influence of prostacyclin on distribution of canine femoral blood flow

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Campion ◽  
John C. Kerr ◽  
Thomas G. Lynch ◽  
Robert W. Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood

Hemodynamic and histomorphometric characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy of Syrian hamsters (Bio TO-2 strain)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Goineau ◽  
Danielle Pape ◽  
Pascal Guillo ◽  
Marie-Paule Ramée ◽  
Eric Bellissant
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Hepatic Congestion ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiomyopathic Hamsters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Computer Assisted Image ◽  
Femoral Blood

The natural history of the disease of the dilated strain Bio TO-2 of cardiomyopathic hamsters (CMH) is not totally characterized. We investigated its hemodynamic and histomorphometric characteristics at 140, 180, 220, 260, and 300 days of age. Forty CMH and 40 controls were investigated (8 at each stage). Mean arterial pressure (MAP, carotid artery catheter) and cardiac output and femoral blood flow (CO, FBF, transit time method) were measured in anesthetized animals. Systemic (SVR) and femoral (FVR) vascular resistances were calculated. Atria, left and right ventricles (LV, RV), lungs, and liver were weighed. LV cavity area, LV and RV wall thicknesses and collagen densities were determined (computer-assisted image analyzer). Pulmonary and hepatic congestion were assessed (arbitrary scales). Compared with controls, MAP, CO and FBF were significantly lower in CMH throughout the study (on average: –22%, –34%, –33%, respectively), FVR was significantly increased (+15%), but SVR was not significantly modified. Concerning histomorphometric characteristics, differences between groups significantly increased with age for most variables: at 300 days, atria (+292%), RV (+13%), lungs (+44%), and liver (+23%) weights, LV cavity area (+130%), LV (+364%) and RV (+181%) collagen densities were significantly increased in CMH vs controls, whereas LV (–40%) and RV (–23%) wall thicknesses were significantly decreased. At 260 and 300 days, CMH showed significant pulmonary congestion without hepatic alteration. Bio TO-2 CMH progressively develop an alteration of cardiac function leading to decreased MAP and musculo-cutaneous blood flow associated with cardiac remodeling including atria hypertrophy and LV dilation, wall thinning and a rise in collagen density.Key words: cardiomyopathy, heart failure, regional blood flow, remodeling.

scholarly journals Sex differences in leg vasodilation during graded knee extensor exercise in young adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1583-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Parker ◽  
Sandra L. Smithmyer ◽  
Justin A. Pelberg ◽  
Aaron D. Mishkin ◽  
Michael D. Herr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Vasodilatory Response ◽  
Femoral Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Blood ◽  
Response To Exercise

Limb vascular conductance responses to pharmacological and nonexercise vasodilator stimuli are generally augmented in women compared with men. In the present investigation, we tested the hypothesis that exercise-induced vasodilator responses are also greater in women than men. Sixteen women and 15 men (20–30 yr) with similar fitness and activity levels performed graded quadriceps exercise (supine, single-leg knee extensions, 40 contractions/min) to maximal exertion. Active limb hemodynamics (left common femoral artery diameter and volumetric blood flow), heart rate (ECG), and beat-to-beat mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; radial artery tonometry) were measured during each 3-min workload (4.8 and 8 W/stage for women and men, respectively). The hyperemic response to exercise (slope of femoral blood flow vs. workload) was greater ( P < 0.01) in women as was femoral blood flow at workloads >15 W. The leg vasodilatory response to exercise (slope of calculated femoral vascular conductance vs. absolute workload) was also greater in women than in men ( P < 0.01) because of the sex difference in hyperemia and the women's lower MAP (∼10–15 mmHg) at all workloads ( P < 0.05). The femoral artery dilated to a significantly greater extent in the women (∼0.5 mm) than in the men (∼0.1 mm) across all submaximal workloads. At maximal exertion, femoral vascular conductance was lower in the men (men, 18.0 ± 0.6 ml·min−1·mmHg−1; women, 22.6 ± 1.4 ml·min−1·mmHg−1; P < 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that the vasodilatory response to dynamic leg exercise is greater in young women vs. men.

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