scholarly journals Neoplasms of Mesenchymal Origin in the Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots of Three Dogs

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vandevelde ◽  
R. J. Higgins ◽  
C. E. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Intramedullary Tumor ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings ◽  
Spinal Roots

Clinicopathological findings of three different neoplastic conditions involving the spinal cord and nerve roots in three dogs are described. One sarcomatous intramedullary tumor closely associated with the vasculature was classified as a reticulum cell sarcoma of the spinal cord. The second case had massive and widespread neoplastic proliferation of reticulohistiocytic cells around the perineurinal vessels of many spinal nerve roots. The process was classified as a primary neoplastic reticulosis of the spinal roots. Multiple highly malignant tumors, infiltrating the spinal cord were found in one thoracic and several lumbosacral spinal nerve roots in the third case. These were considered to be anaplastic neurofibrosarcomas because of high collagen content, intact nerve fibers, whorl formation, and the tendency to palisade in some areas.

Prostaglandin E2 catabolism in the spinal nerve roots of the cat

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bishai ◽  
F. Coceani
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Chromatographic Mobility ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Metabolic Degradation ◽  
Rate Limiting

Catabolism of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was studied in homogenates of spinal cord and spinal nerve roots of the cat. Spinal roots enzymatically converted PGE2 to a product (metabolite I) with the chromatographic mobility of 15-keto-PGE2. Little metabolic degradation occurred in the spinal cord; however, incubation of PGE2 with combined spinal cord and nerve root tissue yielded a second metabolite (metabolite II) in addition to metabolite I. Metabolite II was identified as 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2. These results prove that spinal nerve roots, unlike the spinal cord, contain 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) which is the major and rate-limiting enzyme in the inactivation of prostaglandins. The location and functional significance of 15-PGDH in peripheral nerves remain to be elucidated.

Lumbosacral intersegmental epispinal axons and ectopic ventral nerve rootlets

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley W. Parke ◽  
Ryo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Root ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Almost All

✓ An epispinal system of motor axons virtually covers the ventral and lateral funiculi of the human conus medullaris between the L-2 and S-2 levels. These nerve fibers apparently arise from motor cells of the ventral horn nuclei and join spinal nerve roots caudal to their level of origin. In all observed spinal cords, many of these axons converged at the cord surface and formed an irregular group of ectopic rootlets that could be visually traced to join conventional spinal nerve roots at one to several segments inferior to their original segmental level; occasional rootlets joined a dorsal nerve root. As almost all previous reports of nerve root interconnections involved only the dorsal roots and have been cited to explain a lack of an absolute segmental sensory nerve distribution, it is believed that these intersegmental motor fibers may similarly explain a more diffuse efferent distribution than has previously been suspected.

The number of nerve fibers in motor spinal nerve roots of young, mature and aged cats

1958 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Moyer ◽  
Barbara F. Kaliszewski
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots

Development of the axon membrane during differentiation of myelinated fibres in spinal nerve roots

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1176) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Axon Membrane ◽  
Nodal Membrane ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Myelinated Fibres

Previous studies by a number of workers have shown that the axon membrane in normal mature myelinated fibres is highly differentiated, with the nodal axolemma exhibiting characteristics different to those of the internodal axolemma. However, the development of this axolemmal heterogeneity has not been previously explored. In the present study we used cytochemical methods to examine the development of nodal axolemma during the differentiation of myelinated fibres in rat spinal roots. The staining properties characteristic of normal nodal membrane appear in the axon, at gaps between Schwann cells, before the develop­ment of mature compact myelin or well defined paranodal axon-Schwann cell specializations close to the region of nodal axolemmal differentiation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the axon membrane differentiates into nodal and internodal regions before, or early in the process of, myelination, and suggest that the differentiation of the axon membrane may provide a signal demarcating the region to be covered by the myelin-forming cell.

scholarly journals III. Note on the functional and structural arrangement of efferent fibres in the nerve-roots of the lumbo-sacral plexus. (Preliminary communication.)

1892 ◽  
Vol 51 (308-314) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
Preliminary Communication

At the commencement of some observations on the reflex mechanisms of the spinal cord in Macacus , difficulties were encountered which made it desirable to attempt for that animal a somewhat particular examination of the distribution of the efferent and afferent spinal nerve-roots belonging to the lumbo-sacral plexus. The present communication has reference to the distribution of the efferent fibres of the roots.

Return of function after spinal cord implantation of avulsed spinal nerve roots

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 346 (8986) ◽  
pp. 1323-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Carlstedt ◽  
P Grane ◽  
R.G Hallin ◽  
G Norén
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots

scholarly journals V. Investigations into the segmental representation of movements in the lumbar region of the mammalian spinal cord. —Excitation of the spinal cord, and direct excitation of the spinal nerve roots

1897 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Sacral Region ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Excitation Method

The following research was carried out in consequence of suggestions made to me by Professor Victor Horsley, to whom I wish to express my thanks for placing the facilities of his laboratory at my disposal, and for his advice and criticisms during the prosecution of the work and in the preparation of the paper. I also wish to return my best thanks to Professor Johannes Gad, in whose laboratory tire first part of the work was carried out, for his ever-ready and constant help and advice. I have further to thank my friend Dr. Risien Russell for his kindness in assisting me in some of my earlier experiments on the monkey. The researches were undertaken with the view of throwing light upon the degree to which certain movements or, speaking more precisely, sensori-motor (kinæsthetic) phenomena are represented in any given segment of the lumbo-sacral region of the mammalian spinal cord, and further what relationship exists between the representation of one movement and that of another. It is clear that at least three methods suggest themselves as means whereby this problem may be attacked, e. g. , (1) the excitation method, (2) the method of exclusion by ablation, and (3) the so-called degeneration method. Of these Nos. (2) and (3) have been already in part employed (No. (2) Sherrington, Risien Russell, No. (3) Grünbaum), but believing that with suitable precautions more exact localisation could be obtained by the excitation method, I have so far adopted that alone.

scholarly journals Calving-related intradural avulsion injuries of the thoracolumbar spinal nerve roots in a calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-971
Author(s):  
Hayate Nishiura ◽  
Shino Jou ◽  
Toru Ogata ◽  
Hiroki Kondo ◽  
Toshihiro Ichijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Traumatic Neuroma ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nerve Fascicle ◽  
Calving Difficulty

Calving difficulty may lead to traumatic peripheral nerve injury. A male, 8-mo-old, Japanese Black calf with a history of secondary dystocia as a result of fetal gigantism had lameness and gait disturbance. At autopsy, multifocal dural thickening with adhesions to the adjacent spinal cord was observed at T12–13 and L4–5 vertebral levels. Microscopically, numerous traumatic neuroma-like fascicles of nerve twigs were embedded in the dura mater with abundant collagenous connective tissue. By immunohistochemistry, axons and Schwann cells were confirmed in each nerve fascicle. Our observations suggest that avulsion injuries in the preganglionic fibers of the spinal nerve roots, and secondary spinal cord compression, resulted in the development of neurologic signs.

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