The Kitāb al-ʿIlm of al-Bukhārī: A Handbook on Knowledge

The Kitāb al-ʿIlm of al-Bukhārī (d. 256/870), positioned at the beginning of his Ṣaḥīḥ, represents an innovative turn in terms of structural arrangement and thematic discourse within the context of “books” and narratives on knowledge (ʿilm). Al-Bukhārī’s construction of ʿilm differs from preceding discussions and reveals a unique portrayal. I suggest that the early interdependence between ʿilm-ḥadīth and adab conveyed by al-Bukhārī echoes the Kitab al-Adab written by his teacher, Ibn Abī Shayba (d. 235/849). In light of understanding this intertextual dynamic, I will compare earlier ʿilm narratives with particular themes introduced by al-Bukhārī. Similarly, I will discuss how the early correlation between knowledge and education helped motivate his authorial intent, concluding that the Kitāb al-ʿIlm represents an original, technical and pedagogical work of taḥammul al-ʿilm, the actual practice of teaching knowledge.

INVASÃO BIOLÓGICA POR Crotalaria retusa L. (FABACEAE) EM DUNAS NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

O presente estudo tem como objetivo definir se a diversidade local é um dos fatores que levam ao sucesso no estabelecimento de moitas da espécie exótica invasora Crotalaria retusa. O estudo foi realizado nas dunas costeiras da Ilha do Maranhão, no trecho entre as praias de São Marcos e Araçagy. Para tanto, foram selecionadas moitas amostradas pelo método de parcelas múltiplas de Mueller-dombois & Ellenberg, no qual foi amostrado com parcelas de 1mx1m, 40% da cobertura vegetal no interior e no entono das moitas de C. retusa, sendo posteriormente calculados os Índices de Valor de Importância de Cobertura (IVCi) para cada espécie botânica amostrada, diversidade de Shannon – Wienner (H’) e Equabilidade de Pielou (J). A riqueza total de espécies foi de 101 espécies (76 no interior e 81 no entorno). As espécies com maior IVCi no interior e no entorno foram, respectivamente, C. retusa (124,97) e espécimes da família Poaceae (104,83). A diversidade foi de H’ = 2,58 no interior e H’= 2,59 no entorno, enquanto que a equabilidade foi de J=0,59 (no interior e no entorno). Observou-se que a riqueza de espécies no interior da moita aumenta à medida que a cobertura de C. retusa diminui, demostrando que a espécie botânica invasora pode interferir na ocorrência das espécies nativas.BIOLOGICAL INVASION BY Crotalaria retusa L. (FABACEAE) IN DUNE AREAS IN SÃO LUÍS, MARANHÃO, NORTHEAST BRAZILABSTRACTThe present study aims to analyze the structural arrangement of the inside and around of the Crotalaria retusa clumps in dune areas of Ilha do Maranhão. The study was realized out in the coastal dunes of Ilha do Maranhão, in the stretch between the beaches of São Marcos and Araçagi. Therefore, clumps of vegetation sampled by the multiple plot method were selected, in which it wasa sample with plots of 1m2, 40% of the vegetation cover inside and around the C. retusa clumps, and the were calculated Importance Value (IV) for each a sampled botanical species, Shannon – Wienner diversity (H’) e Pielou Equability (J). The total species richness was 101 species (76 inland and 81 inthe around). The species C. retusa had the highest VI in the inside (124,97) and in the around it was the second with the highest VI (59,40). The diversity was H’ = 2,58 nats.m2 on the inside and H’=2,59 nats.m2 on the around, while the equability was J=0,59 (in the inside and the around). It was observed that the species richness inside the clump increases as the coverage of C. retusa decreases, showing the invasive botanical species could interfere with the occurrence of native species.Keywords: Biological contamination; Invasive species; Coastal dunes; Coverage index; Importance value.

A new class of fluorogenic thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinone receptor: selective detection towards mercury and hydrogen bisulfate ions in aqueous medium

Fluorophoric thiazoloquinazoline derivatives were synthesized under microwave assisted one-pot three-component cascade reaction. Owing to their unique structural arrangement, a new bioactive molecular receptor was developed for HSO4− and Hg2+ ions.