scholarly journals Calving-related intradural avulsion injuries of the thoracolumbar spinal nerve roots in a calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-971
Author(s):  
Hayate Nishiura ◽  
Shino Jou ◽  
Toru Ogata ◽  
Hiroki Kondo ◽  
Toshihiro Ichijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Traumatic Neuroma ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nerve Fascicle ◽  
Calving Difficulty

Calving difficulty may lead to traumatic peripheral nerve injury. A male, 8-mo-old, Japanese Black calf with a history of secondary dystocia as a result of fetal gigantism had lameness and gait disturbance. At autopsy, multifocal dural thickening with adhesions to the adjacent spinal cord was observed at T12–13 and L4–5 vertebral levels. Microscopically, numerous traumatic neuroma-like fascicles of nerve twigs were embedded in the dura mater with abundant collagenous connective tissue. By immunohistochemistry, axons and Schwann cells were confirmed in each nerve fascicle. Our observations suggest that avulsion injuries in the preganglionic fibers of the spinal nerve roots, and secondary spinal cord compression, resulted in the development of neurologic signs.

scholarly journals Spinal cord compression in cattle after the use of an oily vaccine

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Guimarães Ubiali ◽  
Raquel Aparecida Sales da Cruz ◽  
Marconni Victor da Costa Lana ◽  
Yara Silva Meireles ◽  
Pedro Brandini Néspoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Epidural Space ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Filling Defect ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Compressive Myelopathy

An outbreak of compressive myelopathy in cattle associated with the improper use of an oil vaccine is described. Neurological signs were observed in 25 out of 3,000 cattle after 60 days of being vaccinated against foot and mouth disease. The clinical picture was characterized by progressive paralysis of the hind limbs, difficulty in standing up, and sternal recumbency during the course of 2-5 months. A filling defect between the L1 and L3 vertebrae was seen through myelography performed in one of the affected animals. A yellow-gray, granular and irregular mass was observed in four necropsied animals involving the spinal nerve roots and epidural space of the lumbar (L1-L4) spinal cord; the mass was associated with a whitish oily fluid. This fluid was also found in association with necrosis of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Microscopic changes in the epidural space, nerve roots, and spinal musculature were similar and consisted of granulomas or pyogranulomas around circular unstained spaces (vacuoles). These spaces were located between areas of severe diffuse hyaline necrosis of muscle fibers and resembled the drops of oil present in the vaccine.

scholarly journals III. Note on the functional and structural arrangement of efferent fibres in the nerve-roots of the lumbo-sacral plexus. (Preliminary communication.)

1892 ◽  
Vol 51 (308-314) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Structural Arrangement ◽  
Preliminary Communication

At the commencement of some observations on the reflex mechanisms of the spinal cord in Macacus , difficulties were encountered which made it desirable to attempt for that animal a somewhat particular examination of the distribution of the efferent and afferent spinal nerve-roots belonging to the lumbo-sacral plexus. The present communication has reference to the distribution of the efferent fibres of the roots.

Prostaglandin E2 catabolism in the spinal nerve roots of the cat

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bishai ◽  
F. Coceani
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Chromatographic Mobility ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Metabolic Degradation ◽  
Rate Limiting

Catabolism of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was studied in homogenates of spinal cord and spinal nerve roots of the cat. Spinal roots enzymatically converted PGE2 to a product (metabolite I) with the chromatographic mobility of 15-keto-PGE2. Little metabolic degradation occurred in the spinal cord; however, incubation of PGE2 with combined spinal cord and nerve root tissue yielded a second metabolite (metabolite II) in addition to metabolite I. Metabolite II was identified as 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2. These results prove that spinal nerve roots, unlike the spinal cord, contain 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) which is the major and rate-limiting enzyme in the inactivation of prostaglandins. The location and functional significance of 15-PGDH in peripheral nerves remain to be elucidated.

Return of function after spinal cord implantation of avulsed spinal nerve roots

The Lancet ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 346 (8986) ◽  
pp. 1323-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Carlstedt ◽  
P Grane ◽  
R.G Hallin ◽  
G Norén
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots

scholarly journals V. Investigations into the segmental representation of movements in the lumbar region of the mammalian spinal cord. —Excitation of the spinal cord, and direct excitation of the spinal nerve roots

1897 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Sacral Region ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Excitation Method

The following research was carried out in consequence of suggestions made to me by Professor Victor Horsley, to whom I wish to express my thanks for placing the facilities of his laboratory at my disposal, and for his advice and criticisms during the prosecution of the work and in the preparation of the paper. I also wish to return my best thanks to Professor Johannes Gad, in whose laboratory tire first part of the work was carried out, for his ever-ready and constant help and advice. I have further to thank my friend Dr. Risien Russell for his kindness in assisting me in some of my earlier experiments on the monkey. The researches were undertaken with the view of throwing light upon the degree to which certain movements or, speaking more precisely, sensori-motor (kinæsthetic) phenomena are represented in any given segment of the lumbo-sacral region of the mammalian spinal cord, and further what relationship exists between the representation of one movement and that of another. It is clear that at least three methods suggest themselves as means whereby this problem may be attacked, e. g. , (1) the excitation method, (2) the method of exclusion by ablation, and (3) the so-called degeneration method. Of these Nos. (2) and (3) have been already in part employed (No. (2) Sherrington, Risien Russell, No. (3) Grünbaum), but believing that with suitable precautions more exact localisation could be obtained by the excitation method, I have so far adopted that alone.

scholarly journals Untersuchungen zur Pathomorphologie und Pathogenese der Aujeszkyschen Krankheit

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bergmann ◽  
C.-H. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Nuclear Inclusions ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
Nuclear Regions

Lumbo-intramuscular or naso-oral infection of 15 rabbits with Aujeszky's virus consistently produced alterations in the nerve cells of the spinal ganglia, the spinal nerve roots and the spinal cord, viz. nuclear inclusions of Cowdry types A and B. Lumbar infection produced neural lesions extending continuously from the site of infection via the spinal nerve roots and spinal ganglia as far as the dorsal and ventral nuclear regions of the spinal cord. The viral lesions following nasooral infection involved electively the sympathetic centers of the spinal cord with severe alterations of the sympathetic trunk ganglia. Despite this demonstration of viral propagation along neural routes, one should not disregard the possibility of hematogenous-lymphogenic propagation.

scholarly journals Ultrastrutitural Pathology of an Inherited Lower Motor Neuron Disease of Pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Donal O'Toole ◽  
Gerald Wells ◽  
James Ingram ◽  
William Cooley ◽  
Stephan Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

The ultrastructural features of a recently described inherited lower motor neuron disease were studied in 5 affected pigs. Clinical signs comprised progressive ataxia and paresis of variable severity. Affected pigs, 6, 7, 15, 15, and 19 weeks of age, and 2 unrelated healthy pigs, 9 and 15 weeks of age, were anesthetized and their tissues were fixed by whole body perfusion with mixed aldehydes. From 1 or more affected pigs, samples of cervical and lumbar spinal ventral horn, lateral and ventral spinal columns, dorsal and ventral lumbar spinal nerve roots, 2 peripheral nerves (Nn. phrenicus and fibularis communis), and 2 skeletal muscles (Mm. diaphragma and tibialis cranialis) were examined ultrastructurally. There was widespread degeneration of myelinated axons in peripheral nerves and in lateral and ventral columns of lumbar and cervical segments of spinal cord. Axonal degeneration was present in ventral spinal nerve roots and was absent in dorsal spinal nerve roots sampled at the same lumbar levels. Unmyelinated axons in peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots were unaffected. In 4 of 5 affected pigs, there were atrophic alpha motor neurons in cervical spinal cord that contained dense, round osmiophilic perikaryal inclusions up to 4 μm in diameter and round swollen mitochondria. Axonal regeneration was present in N. phrenicus of the 19-week-old affected pig that had clinical signs of longest duration (10 weeks). There was no morphologic evidence of axonal degeneration or spinal neuronal atrophy in either control pig. The ultrastructural features of this motor neuron disease distinguish it from other reported progressive spinal neuropathies of pigs.

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