Self-Induced Water Intoxication Treated with Risperidone

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 648-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C Millson ◽  
Craig E Emes ◽  
William G Glackman

Objective: To determine whether or not risperidone is efficacious in treating self-induced water intoxication in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Method: We carried out a prospective 11-month open-label study using risperidone to treat 8 men with chronic schizophrenia and self-induced water intoxication. Results: The 8 men were not able to reduce their fluid consumption compared with their baseline intake. Risperidone, however, significantly decreased the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores of this very chronic group. Conclusions: Although risperidone decreased schizophrenic symptoms, it did not have significant efficacy in treating self-induced water intoxication. This study may have implications for the treatment of addictive behaviour.

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 692-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thomas ◽  
G. Katsabouris ◽  
N. Bouras

This exploratory study assessed staff perceptions to the reduction of maintenance neuroleptic medication in patients with chronic schizophrenia living in a long-stay hospital. Ten in-patients were assessed at regular times over six months. In addition to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), data were obtained from nursing staff on patients' ward behaviour (Ward Behaviour Interview Schedule, WBIS), clinical global opinion (CGI) and staff reaction (SR) to the reduction of medication plan. The average decrease of BPRS and WBIS was not related to keyworker's clinical global impression. The SR increased against the reduction of medication over the study period (P<0.05). Staff perceptions in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia and their possible influence on prescribed closes should be taken into consideration in addition to psychopathology and clinical symptoms.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1607-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Larkin ◽  
A.L. Beautrais ◽  
R.R. Turelli ◽  
G. Sanacora ◽  
S. Powsner ◽  
...  

BackgroundRapid-onset antidepressants could have important clinical impact if their benefits extended to ED patients. We examined preliminary feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of single-dose IV ketamine in depressed ED patients with suicide ideation (SI).MethodsFourteen depressed ED patients with SI received a single IV bolus of ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) over 1–2 minutes. Patients were monitored for 4 hours, then re-contacted daily for 10 days. Treatment response and time to remission were evaluated using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Kaplan Meier survival analysis, respectively.ResultsBrief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale scores transiently increased in two subjects, consistent with ketamine's cognitive/behavioral effects in other populations. Mean MADRS scores fell significantly from 40.4 (SEM:1.8) at baseline to 11.5 (2.2) at 240 minutes. Median time to MADRS score ≤10 was 80 minutes (Interquartile Range: 0.67–24 hours). Suicide ideation scores (MADRS item 10) decreased significantly from 3.9 (SEM:0.4) at baseline to 0.6 (SEM:0.2) at 40 minutes post-administration, with improvements sustained over 10 days.ConclusionsThese data provide preliminary, open-label support for the feasibility and efficacy of ketamine as a rapid-onset antidepressant in the ED.


1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Soni ◽  
A. Mallik ◽  
V. Harris ◽  
J. Shrimanker ◽  
J. McMurray

SummaryDexamethasone suppresson test (DST) was administered to 26 chronic schizophrenic inpatients who were on stable doses of neuroleptics for over 3 months. Clinical assessments were made on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Manchester Scale (KGV) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Patients’ neuroleptic treatment was then stopped for 4 weeks and the clinical assessements and the DST repeated. Thirty two percent of the patients showed DST non-suppression which was mostly stable over the 4-week period of the study and was unaffected by the neuroleptic treatment. Contrary to some reports in the literature, the clinical rating scores (including those for depression and negative symptoms), in our patients, showed no relationship with the DST status. We suggest that the DST abnormality in chronic schizophrenies may result from two quite different mechanisms: one due to stress assoeiated with transient psychopathology such as agitation, anxiety, depression or psychotic perturbation which is transient, the other resulting from structural abnormalities in the brain and which remains stable over time.


1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Johnston ◽  
F Niesink

The long-term clinical effects of pipotiazine palmitate were tested in 206 men and women who were either not responding well to their previous neuroleptic therapy or who were negligent about pursuing protracted oral drug therapy. Of the 206 patients, 130 were suffering from some form of chronic schizophrenia; the remainder presented with depression, psychoneurotic or behavioural disorders. Pipotiazine palmitate, a long-acting depot neuroleptic, was given as a monthly intramuscular injection for up to 23 months. The average starting dose was 50 mg/injection and the average final dose was 65 mg/injection. These doses were somewhat lower than those usually reported in the literature, however all but a few patients received oral neuroleptics or antidepressants concomitantly. Psychiatric testing using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale revealed that significant improvement was achieved over time in all diagnostic groups represented. Individual as well as cumulative scores improved steadily for 6 months at which time symptomatology was minimal in most patients. Pipotiazine palmitate was well tolerated, and only seven (3.4%) of the 206 patients had to interrupt therapy because of unwanted effects. The most frequent side-effects were extrapyramidal symptoms, particularly tremor and rigidity, yet these effects led to the discontinuation of therapy in only five patients.


1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Grinshpoon ◽  
M Moskowitz ◽  
A Valevski ◽  
A Kreizman ◽  
L Palei ◽  
...  

SummaryAn open label trial was conducted to study the efficacy of zuclopenthixol decanoate, a D1/D2 antagonist, in the treatment of chronic (> 10 years) neuroleptic-resistant aggressive schizophrenia (n = 10) and psychotic oligophrenic patients (n = 6). A significant reduction was noted in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score, especially in the clusters of hostility-suspiciousness and excitement. After many years of seclusion, ten of the 16 patients were transferred to an open psychiatric department and were allowed to visit their families.


2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz

Abstract The author, who is the editor of the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, comments on the previous article, Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches in this issue of The Guides Newsletter. The new Mental and Behavioral Disorders (M&BD) chapter, like others in the AMA Guides, is a consensus opinion of many authors and thus reflects diverse points of view. Psychiatrists and psychologists continue to struggle with diagnostic taxonomies within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but anxiety, depression, and psychosis are three unequivocal areas of mental illness for which the sixth edition of the AMA Guides provides M&BD impairment rating. Two particular challenges faced the authors of the chapter: how could M&BD disorders be rated (and yet avoid an onslaught of attorney requests for an M&BD rating in conjunction with every physical impairment), and what should be the maximal impairment rating for a mental illness. The sixth edition uses three scales—the Psychiatric Impairment Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Function, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—after careful review of a wide variety of indices. The AMA Guides remains a work in progress, but the authors of the M&BD chapter have taken an important step toward providing a reasonable method for estimating impairment.


1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Monique de Bonis ◽  
Paul de Boeck ◽  
Marie-Odile Lebeaux

RésuméLe présent travail comporte une critique de la méthodologie employée pour définir une typologie des schizophrènes et une étude empirique de la distinction entre forme productive et forme déficitaire.Après avoir souligné que les études factorielles visant l’identification de deux types de schizophrènes reposaient sur des choix méthodologiques discutables: recherche de corrélations entre variables, alors qu’il s’agit de découvrir des corrélations entre sujets; préférence pour des relations symétriques, alors que les liaisons sont probablement d’ordre asymétrique, les auteurs présentent deux études empiriques.La première réalisée sur un échantillon de 99 schizophrènes s’appuie sur la factorisation des estimations de la symptomatologie (BPRS* á 42 items) à l’aide de la méthode factorielle en plan Q et d’une analyse des correspondances. La seconde a porté sur un sous-échantillon de 52 schizophrènes à l’aide d’une nouvelle méthode d’analyse hiérarchique (HICLAS). Les résultats de ces analyses aboutissent aux conclusions suivantes. Les résultats des analyses factorielles montrent: • qu’il existe plus de deux formes de schizophrènie et qu’à l’intérieur des classes formées par les individus l’opposition déficitaire -productif est stable quelle que soit la métrique utilisée; • que cette opposition repose principalement, pour ce qui est de la forme déficitaire sur 3 symptômes: l’émoussement affectif, le retrait affectif et le ralentissement, et pour ce qui est de la forme productive sur l’humeur expansive, l’attitude manipulatoire, l’excitation, la dramatisation et la labilit émotionnelle; • que contrairement aux travaux antérieurs ni les hallucinations ni la désorganisation conceptuelle ne permettent d’établir la différence entre les deux groupes de malades sans doute parce qu’elles sont communes à tous les schizophrènes; • qu’il n’y a pas de correspondance entre les diagnostics cliniques et les formes décrites; et, • que les malades les plus déficitaires (situés aux extrêmités du pole factoriel) se différencient des malades productifs essentiellement par des variables liées au sexe (plus d’hommes que de femmes dans le premier cas), un statut marital de célibat plus fréquent, et des antécédents psychiatriques plus importants. Les résultats des analyses factorielles soulignent d’une part que les types mixtes sont plus fréquents que les types purs et, d’autre part qu’il suffit de moins de 10 symptômes pour réaliser une opposition satisfaisante entre forme productive et forme déficitaire (Tableau 3, figure 1).Toutes ces conclusions sont valables aussi pour l’analyse hiérarchique. Mais de plus, cette méthode permet d’individualiser un groupe de malades “purs” dans la forme déficitaire seulement, groupe disjoint des autres individus sur la base d’un très petit nombre de symptômes. A côté de ces types purs figurent des types mixtes, qui possédent à la fois des symptômes déficitaires et des symptômes productifs suivant des combinaisons hiérarchiques précises, c’est-à-dire avec une dominance de l’une ou de l’autre forme. Il existe aussi des formes résiduelles dans lesquelles aucune hiérarchie ne peut être mise au jour (Tableau 4).En conclusion on a insisté, outre les problèmes méthodologiques négligés dans les précédentes recherches, sur l’existence d’une dissymétrie entre la forme déficitaire et la forme productive, dans la mesure où c’est seulement la forme déficitaire qui présente une grande singularité et sur l’importance des symptômes liés à la vie affective et à son appauvrissement qui ont un pouvoir discriminatif plus élevé que les symptômes productifs.*BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale


1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-A. Gagné ◽  
Hugues Cormier ◽  
Gérard Leblanc ◽  
Daniel Lévesque ◽  
Thérèse Di Paolo

A radioreceptor assay (RRA) was used to determine the neuroleptic plasma levels of 32 outpatients with schizophrenia receiving a high dose of neuroleptics (the equivalent of 18 mg or more of oral haloperidol per day) and undergoing a 50% partial and progressive reduction (ten percent each month for five months) in their medication. Plasma levels of neuroleptics were measured three times: before (T1) and immediately after the 50% reduction (T2) and five months later (T3). A linear correlation was observed between neuroleptic plasma levels obtained by RRA and the neuroleptic doses prescribed at T1 and T3. Furthermore, neuroleptic plasma levels were significantly lower at T3 than at T1. Concurrent evaluations of psychopathology were done using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and the results indicated that no correlation exists between neuroleptic plasma levels and the total rating scale scores at T1 but a significant correlation was observed at T3.


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