Symonds on fear and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110519
Author(s):  
AD (Sandy) Macleod
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Post Traumatic

Prominent English neurologist Sir Charles Symonds, during World War II service with the Royal Air Force, published a series of articles emphasizing the role of fear initiating psychological breakdown in combat airmen (termed Lack of Moral Fibre). Having served in a medical capacity in the previous war, Symonds re-presented the phylogenetic conceptualizations formed by his colleagues addressing ‘shell shock’. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) re-classified Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), removing the diagnosis from the category of Anxiety Disorders. This was the view introduced a century ago by the trench doctors of World War I and affirmed by Symonds’ clinical experience and studies in World War II.

Full and Partial Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among World War II Prisoners of War

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Favaro ◽  
Elena Tenconi ◽  
Giovanni Colombo ◽  
Paolo Santonastaso
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among World War II Mustard Gas Test Participants

1996 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula P. Schnurr ◽  
Matthew J. Friedman ◽  
Bonnie L. Green
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic

Delayed Onset Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in World war Ii Veterans

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 439-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Herrmann ◽  
G. Eryavec
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
World War Ii Veterans ◽  
Post Traumatic

Delayed onset post-traumatic stress disorder is an underreported condition in World War II veterans. There is little agreement about the etiology of this syndrome. Two cases of post-traumatic stress disorder in World War II veterans whose individual onset was delayed for over 30 years are described. These veterans developed the symptoms associated with the stresses of late life including bereavement, social isolation and chronic medical illness. Theories regarding the etiology of this syndrome are reviewed and a hypothesis suggesting a heterogeneous condition is presented.

World War II-related post-traumatic stress disorder and breast cancer risk among Israeli women: a case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neomi Vin-Raviv ◽  
Rachel Dekel ◽  
Micha Barchana ◽  
Shai Linn ◽  
Lital Keinan-Boker
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic

ABSTRACTBackground:Several studies have suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to adverse health outcomes. There are limited data on PTSD and cancer, which has a long latency period. We investigated the association between World War II (WWII)-related PTSD and subsequent breast cancer (BC) risk among Jewish WWII survivors and examined whether this association was modified by exposure to hunger during WWII.Methods:We compared 65 BC patients diagnosed in 2005 through 2010 to 200 population-based controls who were members of various organizations for Jewish WWII survivors in Israel. All participants were born in Europe, lived at least six months under Nazi rule during WWII, and immigrated to Israel after the war. We estimated PTSD using the PTSD Inventory and applied logistic regression models to estimate the association between WWII-related PTSD and BC, adjusting for potential confounders.Results:We observed a linear association between WWII-related PTSD and BC risk. This association remained significant following adjustment for potential confounders, including obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, age during WWII, hunger exposure during WWII, and total number of traumatic life events (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.14–7.31). However, the level of hunger exposure during WWII modified this effect significantly.Conclusions:These findings suggest an independent association between WWII-related PTSD and subsequent BC risk in Jewish WWII survivors that is modified by hunger, a novel finding. Future research is needed to further explore these findings.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms linked to hidden Holocaust trauma among adult Finnish evacuees separated from their parents as children in World War II, 1939–1945: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Andersson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic

ABSTRACTBackground: The aim of this study was to identify long-term effects of diagnostic criteria on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) for a test group of Finnish evacuees from World War II and compare the outcome effect with a control group of children who lived in Finland during the war in 1939–1945.Methods: 152 participants were recruited by the local leader of the Finnish War Child Association in Sweden and Finland. The selected group answered questions on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) and the EMBU (Swedish acronym for “Own Memories of Parental Rearing”).Results: Evidence suggests a link between childhood parental separation and termination of the internalized attachment hierarchy of origin in a detachment process among Finnish evacuees. Based on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Total (PCL-C) diagnosis an extreme traumatization for 36.7% of the test group subjects was identified, including a hidden Holocaust trauma in the population of Finnish evacuees.Conclusions: The study met the criteria for satisfying global evidence value. Sixty-five years after the end of World War II and in line with other studies on war children, the data show high levels of different trauma exposures from the war with 10.6 higher risk (odds ratio) for the exposed group of Finnish evacuees. Despite some limitations, the data highlight the need for further investigation into different parts of the detachment process among seriously traumatized groups to reveal resilience and other dimensions of importance in professional mental health creation.

Occurrence of current post traumatic stress disorder among Dutch world war II resistance veterans according to the SCID

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan E. Hovens ◽  
Paul R.J. Falger ◽  
Wybrand Op Den Velde ◽  
Erik G.W. Schouten ◽  
Johan H.M. De Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Resistance Veterans
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