Analysis of relationship between soil erosion and lake deposition during the Holocene in Xingyun Lake, southwestern China

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110190
Author(s):  
Hongfei Zhao ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Qianli Sun ◽  
Claudio O Delang ◽  
Ali Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Xingyun Lake

Quantifying the relative influences of anthropogenic activities and climate change on soil erosion and deposition during the Holocene, when both forces have been interacting is a complex problem. Analysis of long-term patterns in soil erosion and lake deposition in a basin can provide the basis for untangling the complexities of climate and anthropogenic forcings. In this paper, sedimentary sequences from Xingyun Lake are compared with simulated soil erosion rates in the basin to explore the relationship between river basin soil erosion and lake deposition during the Holocene in Yunnan, China. Modern soil erosion rates are calculated using RUSLE, while Holocene soil erosion rates are estimated using modern rates with reconstructed precipitation and vegetation cover sequences. Through this investigation, we found the following results. First, Holocene vegetation in the lake basin was mainly affected by climate change, and the vegetation experienced the same pattern of changes as the climate. Soil erosion and lake deposition rates, along with changes to vegetation cover, were synchronous with precipitation trends during the Holocene. Second, soil erosion and lake deposition have been exacerbated by human activities, such as deforestation and land reclamation in the Xingyun Lake basin. Finally, this study provides new insights into the effects by anthropogenic impacts and climate forcing on the processes of soil erosion and lake deposition on the millennium scale.

Impact of plant roots on the resistance of soils to erosion by water: a review

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gyssels ◽  
J. Poesen ◽  
E. Bochet ◽  
Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Vegetation controls soil erosion rates significantly. The decrease of water erosion rates with increasing vegetation cover is exponential. This review reveals that the decrease in water erosion rates with increasing root mass is also exponential, according to the equation SEP e b RP where SEP is a soil erosion parameter (e.g., interrill or rill erosion rates relative to erosion rates of bare topsoils without roots), RP is a root parameter (e.g., root density or root length density) and b is a constant that indicates the effectiveness of the plant roots in reducing soil erosion rates. Whatever rooting parameter is used, for splash erosion b equals zero. For interrill erosion the average b-value is 0.1195 when root density (kg m 3) is used as root parameter, and 0.0022 when root length density (km m 3) is used. For rill erosion these average b-values are 0.5930 and 0.0460, respectively. The similarity of this equation for root effects with the equation for vegetation cover effects is striking, but it is yet impossible to determine which plant element has the highest impact in reducing soil losses, due to incomparable units. Moreover, all the studies on vegetation cover effects attribute soil loss reduction to the above-ground biomass only, whereas in reality this reduction results from the combined effects of roots and canopy cover. Based on an analysis of available data it can be concluded that for splash and interrill erosion vegetation cover is the most important vegetation parameter, whereas for rill and ephemeral gully erosion plant roots are at least as important as vegetation cover.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Erosion Rates in Central Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Santos Martínez-Santiago ◽  
◽  
Armando López-Santos ◽  
Guillermo González-Cervantes ◽  
Gerardo Esquivel-Arriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Evaluation of soil erosion rates in the southern half of the Russian Plain: methodology and initial results

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Golosov ◽  
Artem Gusarov ◽  
Leonid Litvin ◽  
Oleg Yermolaev ◽  
Nelly Chizhikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Land Use Transformation ◽  
Southern Half

Abstract. The Russian Plain (RP) is divided into two principally different parts. The northern half of the RP is a predominantly forested area with a low proportion of arable fields. In contrast, the southern half of the RP has a very high proportion of arable land. During the last 30 years, this agricultural region of the RP has experienced considerable land use transformation and changes in precipitation due to climate change have altered soil erosion rates. This paper describes the use of erosion model calculations and GIS spatial analytical methods for the evaluation of trends in erosion rates in the RP. Climate change (RIHMI World Data Center, 2016), land use transformation and crop rotation modification (Rosstat, 2016; R Core Team, 2016) are the main factors governing erosion rates in the region during recent decades. It was determined that mean annual erosion rates have decreased from 7.3 to 4.1 t ha−1 yr−1 in the forest zone mostly because of the serious reduction in the surface runoff coefficient for periods of snowmelt. At the same time, the erosion rates have increased from 3.9 to 4.6 t ha−1 yr−1 in the steppe zone due to the increasing frequency of heavy rain-storms.

Quantification of soil erosion (using 239+240Pu) on periglacial chronosequences reveals the importance of vegetation cover in soil stabilisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Musso ◽  
Michael E. Ketterer ◽  
Konrad Greinwald ◽  
Clemens Geitner ◽  
Markus Egli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Fallout Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Stabilisation ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Chemical Soil

<p>High mountainous areas are are strongly shaped by redistribution processes of sediments and soils. Due to the projected climate warming and the continued retreat of glaciers in the 21<sup>st</sup> century, we can expect the area of newly exposed, highly erodible sediments and soils to increase. While soil and vegetation development is increasingly well understood and quantified, it has rarely been coupled to soil erosion. The aim of this study was to assess how soil erosion rates change with surface age. We investigated two moraine chronosequences in the Swiss Alps which were situated in a siliceous and calcareous lithology and spanned over 30 – 10’000 yrs and 110 – 13’500 yrs, respectively. We used <sup>239+240</sup>Pu fallout radionuclides to quantify the average soil erosion rates over the last 60 years and compared them to physico−chemical soil properties and the vegetation coverage. At both chronosequences, the erosion rates were highest in the young soils. The erosion rates decreased markedly after 3−5 ka of soil development to reach a more or less stable situation after 10−14 ka. This decrease  goes hand in hand with the development of a closed vegetation cover. We conclude that depending on the relief and vegetational development, it takes up to at least 10 ka to reach soil stability. The establishment of a closed vegetation cover with dense root networks appears to be the controlling factor in the reduction of soil erodibility in periglacial areas.</p>

scholarly journals The application of137Cs and210Pbexmethods in soil erosion research of Titel loess plateau, Vojvodina, Northern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Kristina S. Kalkan ◽  
Sofija Forkapić ◽  
Slobodan B. Marković ◽  
Kristina Bikit ◽  
Milivoj B. Gavrilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Migration Model ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
And Migration

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the largest global problems of environmental protection and sustainable development, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. The need for fast and accurate soil rate assessment of erosion and deposition favors the application of alternative methods based on the radionuclide measurement technique contrary to long-term conventional methods. In this paper, we used gamma spectrometry measurements of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pbex in order to quantify the erosion on the Titel Loess Plateau near the Tisa (Tisza) River in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Along the slope of the study area and in the immediate vicinity eight representative soil depth profiles were taken and the radioactivity content in 1 cm thick soil layers was analyzed. Soil erosion rates were estimated according to the profile distribution model and the diffusion and migration model for undisturbed soil. The net soil erosion rates, estimated by 137Cs method range from −2.3 t ha−1 yr−1 to −2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, related to the used conversion model which is comparable to published results of similar studies of soil erosion in the region. Vertical distribution of natural radionuclides in soil profiles was also discussed and compared with the profile distribution of unsupported 210Pbex measurements. The use of diffusion and migration model to convert the results of 210Pbex activities to soil redistribution rates indicates a slightly higher net erosion of −3.7 t ha−1 yr−1 with 98% of the sediment delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Assessing Changes in Soil Erosion Rates: A Markov Chain Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda Skaggs ◽  
Soumen Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Markov Chain Analysis ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
National Resources Inventory ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

AbstractMarkov chain analysis (one-step and long-run) is applied to the National Resources Inventory (NRI) database to evaluate changes in wind-based soil erosion rates over time. The research compares changes in soil erosion rates between NRI sample sites with and without applied conservation practices for a random sample of Great Plains counties. No significant differences between sites are found for half of the counties evaluated. The effectiveness and efficiency of conservation policies are thus questioned in light of these research results.

scholarly journals Dynamics of soil erosion rates and controlling factors in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands – towards a sediment budget

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Nyssen ◽  
Jean Poesen ◽  
Jan Moeyersons ◽  
Mitiku Haile ◽  
Jozef Deckers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Budget ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Plastic Covered Cropping Systems: Runoff Patterns and Soil Erosion Rates

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Arnhold ◽  
Christopher L Shope ◽  
Bernd Huwe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

scholarly journals Do suspended sediment and bedload move progressively from the summit to the sea along Magela Creek, northern Australia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
W. D. Erskine ◽  
M. J. Saynor ◽  
K. Turner ◽  
T. Whiteside ◽  
J. Boyden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Abstract. Soil erosion rates on plots of waste rock at Ranger uranium mine and basin sediment yields have been measured for over 30 years in Magela Creek in northern Australia. Soil erosion rates on chlorite schist waste rock are higher than for mica schist and weathering is also much faster. Sediment yields are low but are further reduced by sediment trapping effects of flood plains, floodouts, billabongs and extensive wetlands. Suspended sediment yields exceed bedload yields in this deeply weathered, tropical landscape, but the amount of sand transported greatly exceeds that of silt and clay. Nevertheless, sand is totally stored above the topographic base level. Longitudinal continuity of sediment transport is not maintained. As a result, suspended sediment and bedload do not move progressively from the summit to the sea along Magela Creek and lower Magela Creek wetlands trap about 90.5% of the total sediment load input.

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