Examining fat talk and self-compassion as distinct motivational processes in women’s eating regulation: A self-determination theory perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Guertin ◽  
Kheana Barbeau ◽  
Luc Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fat Talk ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Extrinsic Goals ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Eating Regulation

This study examined whether pursuing intrinsic versus extrinsic goals was associated with distinct motivational processes in eating regulation and with healthy versus unhealthy eating. Path analysis demonstrated that appearance goals were associated with fat talk, whereas health goals were associated with self-compassion. Fat talk was positively associated with non-self-determined motivation and unhealthy eating, whereas self-compassion was positively associated with self-determined motivation and healthy eating, and negatively associated with unhealthy eating. Findings emphasize the negative effects of pursuing appearance goals and engaging in fat talk and the benefits of pursuing health goals and being self-compassionate.

Intrinsic Motivation, Psychological Needs, and Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ryan ◽  
Johnmarshall Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Relevant Feedback ◽  
Competitive Outcomes ◽  
Ego Involvement

Competition is an apt place to experience intrinsic motivation, as competitive settings are often rich with optimal challenges and immediate, effectance-relevant feedback. Yet competition can also undermine intrinsic motivation and sustained engagement by introducing controlling pressures and negative feedback. To explain the contrasting effects of competitive settings on intrinsic motivation, this chapter presents a self-determination theory analysis. According to the theory, when elements of competitive settings are experienced as controlling or pressuring, they undermine competitors’ autonomy, decreasing intrinsic motivation. However, when these elements are perceived as both non-controlling and competence-informing, they can satisfy both autonomy and competence needs, enhancing intrinsic motivation. Unpacking these motivational crosscurrents, the authors identify the motivational implications of different elements of competition, including competitive set, pressure to win, feedback and competitive outcomes, challenge, leaders’ motivating styles, team interpersonal climate, and intrapersonal events such as ego-involvement. The authors also examine both positive and negative effects of competition on the need for relatedness. The chapter concludes by discussing how conditions that foster the need-satisfying aspects of competition not only enhance intrinsic motivation but also help prevent the emergence of competition’s darker sides, such as cheating, doping, objectifying opponents, aggression, and poor sportspersonship.

scholarly journals Impact of Job Resources and Job Demands on Burnout among Physical Therapy Providers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12521
Author(s):  
Rupal M. Patel ◽  
John Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Trauma ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Workplace Interventions

Job burnout is a threat for physical therapists. Little research has been conducted to identify possible protective factors against burnout in this population. Accordingly, we utilized the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and self-determination theory to guide our examination of basic psychological needs as factors to predict burnout in physical therapists. One hundred and two licensed physical therapists completed surveys. Higher levels of autonomy, competence and relatedness predicted burnout, even after accounting for job demands. Job resources, such as the basic psychological needs outlined by the self-determination theory, along with perceived respect, buffer the negative effects of secondary trauma on burnout. The job resource of perceived respect also buffers the negative effects of the physical demands of the job on burnout. These findings suggest that while job demands can be difficult to change, increasing the fulfillment of job resources can help ameliorate burnout in physical therapists. The present findings highlight the need for workplace interventions which cultivate the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness to address burnout among physical therapists.

Why do women engage in fat talk? Examining fat talk using Self-Determination Theory as an explanatory framework

Body Image ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Guertin ◽  
Kheana Barbeau ◽  
Luc Pelletier ◽  
Gabrielle Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Fat Talk ◽  
Explanatory Framework

Optimal Self–esteem is Contingent: Intrinsic versus Extrinsic and Upward versus Downward Contingencies

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Hilde Smit
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
True Self ◽  
Self Compassion

We argue that noncontingent, unconditional self–esteem is not optimal but defensive. We introduce the concept of intrinsic contingency, where self–esteem is affected by whether one's actions are self–congruent and conducive to personal growth. Whereas external contingencies, especially social and appearance, were negatively correlated with authenticity, self–compassion, and personal well–being, intrinsic contingencies were positively correlated with these measures, and uncorrelated with aggression and self–esteem instability. Participants with high intrinsic contingency rated higher on measures of psychological adaptiveness than noncontingent participants. In addition, we distinguish upward from downward contingencies, the latter being more harmful in case of external contingencies but not for intrinsic contingencies. We conclude that intrinsic contingency, rather than noncontingency, may reflect true self–esteem as implied in self–determination theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Development and Testing of a Personalized Web-Based Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Based on Motivational Interviewing and the Self-Determination Theory: Protocol for the MyLifestyleCoach Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juul M J Coumans ◽  
Catherine A W Bolman ◽  
Stijn A H Friederichs ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
Lilian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BACKGROUND Unhealthy dietary patterns and insufficient physical activity (PA) are associated with negative health outcomes, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, overweight, and obesity. This makes the promotion of healthy dietary and PA behaviors a public health priority. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the development, design, and evaluation protocol of a Web-based computer-tailored (CT) dietary and PA promotion intervention, <i>MyLifestyleCoach</i>. A Web-based format was chosen for its accessibility and large-scale reach and low-cost potential. To achieve effective and persistent behavioral change, this innovative intervention is tailored to individual characteristics and is based on the self-determination theory and motivational interviewing (MI). METHODS The 6 steps of the intervention mapping protocol were used to systematically develop <i>MyLifestyleCoach</i> based on the existing effective CT PA promotion intervention <i>I Move</i>. The <i>MyLifestyleCoach</i> intervention consists of 2 modules: <i>I Move</i>, which is aimed at promoting PA, and <i>I Eat</i>, which is aimed at promoting healthy eating. Development of the <i>I Eat</i> module was informed by the previously developed <i>I Move</i>. Both modules were integrated to form the comprehensive <i>MyLifestyleCoach</i> program. Furthermore, <i>I Move</i> was slightly adapted, for example, the new Dutch PA guidelines were implemented. A randomized controlled trial consisting of an intervention condition and waiting list control group will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on diet and PA. RESULTS Self-reported measures take place at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after baseline. Enrollment started in October 2018 and will be completed in June 2020. Data analysis is currently under way, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2020. CONCLUSIONS <i>MyLifestyleCoach</i> is one of the first interventions to translate and apply self-determination theory and techniques from MI in Web-based computer tailoring for an intervention targeting PA and dietary behavior. Intervention mapping served as a blueprint for the development of this intervention. We will evaluate whether this approach is also successful in promoting eating healthier and increasing PA using an randomized controlled trial by comparing the intervention to a waiting list control condition. The results will provide an insight into the short- and long-term efficacy and will result in recommendations for the implementation and promotion of healthy eating and PA among adults in the Netherlands. CLINICALTRIAL Dutch Trial Register NL7333; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7333 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/14491

scholarly journals Development and Testing of a Personalized Web-Based Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Based on Motivational Interviewing and the Self-Determination Theory: Protocol for the MyLifestyleCoach Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/14491 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e14491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juul M J Coumans ◽  
Catherine A W Bolman ◽  
Stijn A H Friederichs ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
Lilian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background Unhealthy dietary patterns and insufficient physical activity (PA) are associated with negative health outcomes, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, overweight, and obesity. This makes the promotion of healthy dietary and PA behaviors a public health priority. Objective This paper describes the development, design, and evaluation protocol of a Web-based computer-tailored (CT) dietary and PA promotion intervention, MyLifestyleCoach. A Web-based format was chosen for its accessibility and large-scale reach and low-cost potential. To achieve effective and persistent behavioral change, this innovative intervention is tailored to individual characteristics and is based on the self-determination theory and motivational interviewing (MI). Methods The 6 steps of the intervention mapping protocol were used to systematically develop MyLifestyleCoach based on the existing effective CT PA promotion intervention I Move. The MyLifestyleCoach intervention consists of 2 modules: I Move, which is aimed at promoting PA, and I Eat, which is aimed at promoting healthy eating. Development of the I Eat module was informed by the previously developed I Move. Both modules were integrated to form the comprehensive MyLifestyleCoach program. Furthermore, I Move was slightly adapted, for example, the new Dutch PA guidelines were implemented. A randomized controlled trial consisting of an intervention condition and waiting list control group will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on diet and PA. Results Self-reported measures take place at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after baseline. Enrollment started in October 2018 and will be completed in June 2020. Data analysis is currently under way, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2020. Conclusions MyLifestyleCoach is one of the first interventions to translate and apply self-determination theory and techniques from MI in Web-based computer tailoring for an intervention targeting PA and dietary behavior. Intervention mapping served as a blueprint for the development of this intervention. We will evaluate whether this approach is also successful in promoting eating healthier and increasing PA using an randomized controlled trial by comparing the intervention to a waiting list control condition. The results will provide an insight into the short- and long-term efficacy and will result in recommendations for the implementation and promotion of healthy eating and PA among adults in the Netherlands. Trial Registration Dutch Trial Register NL7333; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7333 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14491

scholarly journals Do Narcissists Benefit from Materialistic Pursuits? Examining the Relation Between Narcissistic Tendencies, Extrinsic Goals, and Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Werner ◽  
Aidan Smyth ◽  
Marina Milyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Extrinsic Goals ◽  
Hedonic Benefits

Past research consistently finds that the pursuit of extrinsic goals detracts from our happiness and well-being, and instead contributes to ill-being. Despite the robustness of this finding, recent research suggests that people with narcissistic tendencies are more likely to derive meaning from extrinsic goals. We conducted a high-powered (n = 576) pre-registered study to examine whether exhibiting higher narcissistic tendencies relates to perceiving materialistic pursuits as being more meaningful and how this in turn influences well-being. Results indicate that having greater narcissistic tendencies was positively associated with perceiving extrinsic goals as being more meaningful, which in turn negatively predicted subjective and eudaimonic well-being, and positively predicted depression. Overall, while it may be the case that people with narcissistic tendencies gain some hedonic benefits from materialistic pursuits, the pursuit of extrinsic goals is negatively related to well-being, as consistent with self-determination theory. All study materials, pre-registration, data, and code can be found at osf.io/8629d.

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