Optimal Self–esteem is Contingent: Intrinsic versus Extrinsic and Upward versus Downward Contingencies

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Hilde Smit
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
True Self ◽  
Self Compassion

We argue that noncontingent, unconditional self–esteem is not optimal but defensive. We introduce the concept of intrinsic contingency, where self–esteem is affected by whether one's actions are self–congruent and conducive to personal growth. Whereas external contingencies, especially social and appearance, were negatively correlated with authenticity, self–compassion, and personal well–being, intrinsic contingencies were positively correlated with these measures, and uncorrelated with aggression and self–esteem instability. Participants with high intrinsic contingency rated higher on measures of psychological adaptiveness than noncontingent participants. In addition, we distinguish upward from downward contingencies, the latter being more harmful in case of external contingencies but not for intrinsic contingencies. We conclude that intrinsic contingency, rather than noncontingency, may reflect true self–esteem as implied in self–determination theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Is the desire for fame related to well-being or ill-being?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Grosz ◽  
Benjamin Nagengast ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Clemens Lechner ◽  
Brent Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Status ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The construct of fame in self-determination theory is very similar to the construct of social status in Anderson, Hildreth, and Howland’s (2015) status-as-fundamental-motive perspective. Both fame and social status are characterized by admiration and (admiring) respect by other people. Yet, while desiring fame is believed to distract or interfere with the fulfillment of basic needs (e.g., Ryan et al., 1999), desiring social status is believed to be very much equivalent to a basic need (Anderson et al., 2015). Inspired by these two theoretical standpoints, we tested opposing hypotheses in a pre-registered secondary data analysis of prospective longitudinal data spanning 10 years (N = 4,625; Mage at T1 = 19.60). Specifically, we tested whether or not desire for fame among early adults is related to their (a) concurrent subjective well-being, self-esteem, and health, (b) subsequent subjective well-being, self-esteem, and health, and (c) subsequent changes in subjective well-being, self-esteem, and health. Furthermore, we investigated (d) whether changes in desire for fame are related to contemporaneous changes in subjective well-being, self-esteem, and health. In line with self-determination theory, we found several positive correlations between desire for fame and the negative affect subscale of the PANAS, low self-esteem, and self-reported health complaints. In line with the status-as-fundamental-motive perspective, we found almost no substantial negative correlations between desire for fame and life satisfaction, the positive affect subscale of the PANAS, and self-rated health status. Thus, our results did not support either of the two positions unequivocally, indicating the need for further theoretical refinement.

Predicting Homesickness in Residential Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Smith ◽  
Stephanie Hanrahan ◽  
Ruth Anderson ◽  
Lyndel Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Developmental Milestone ◽  
Australian Institute ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
And Coping

Leaving home or transitioning to another environment is a part of every individual’s personal growth and is often considered to be a significant developmental milestone. The distress that individuals experience with this transition has been identified as homesickness. Elite sporting institutions, such as the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), have recognized that problems associated with homesickness appear to be a predominant cause of poor well-being and dropout among athletes living in a national sports institute. This study aimed to investigate if individual personality traits and coping styles could predict levels of homesickness in these athletes. Neuroticism, self-esteem, and mental escape were significant predictors of homesickness. These results suggest that athletes who are vulnerable to homesickness can be identified before the commencement of their sporting scholarships so they can be treated accordingly.

Bienestar psicológico y motivación en hockeystas amateurs, que estudian/trabajan y deben cumplir con una rutina de alto rendimiento para representar a Chile en el hockey césped. / Psychological wellbeing and motivation in amateur hockeystas, while ...

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (05) ◽  
pp. 19-45
Author(s):  
María Camila Cabargas Fernández
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Bienestar Psicologico

En este estudio se pretende describir el bienestar psicológico y la motivación de hockystas amateurs que estudian/trabajan y deben cumplir con una rutina de alto rendimiento para representar a Chile en el hockey césped. Para ello se indagó en el bienestar psicológico desde la perspectiva de Ryff, y en la motivación desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (TAD) de Deci y Ryan. Tras la compleja realidad a la que se enfrentan diariamente los deportistas de la muestra, es que surge el interés por conocer las variables psicológicas mencionadas anteriormente. Teniendo en cuenta que pudieran estar relacionadas a través de las diferentes dimensiones que las componen. Por lo tanto, al potenciar algunas de estas dimensiones se estaría influyendo tanto en el bienestar psicológico como en la motivación de los deportistas, lo que nos ayudaría a describir como es el bienestar psicológico y la motivación de estos. This study aims to describe psychological wellbeing and motivation in amateur hockey players who study/work and must obey to a high performance routine to represent Chile in field hockey. Wellbeing approaches made by Ryff were considered for this research, as well as self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan) to investigate motivation. After the complex reality this amateur hockey players face every day, it becomes interesting to study the psychological variables mentioned above. Believing that they could be related through different dimensions that compose them. Therefore, when you maximize the dimensions of both theories, it would be directly influencing the psychological well-being and motivation of athletes, this could help us to describe psychological well-being and motivation of them.

A self-determination theory perspective on customer participation in service development

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Engström ◽  
Mattias Elg
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Customer Participation ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore what motivates patients to participate in service development and how participation may influence their well-being. Health-care providers are increasingly adopting practices of customer participation in such activities to improve their services. Design/methodology/approach – This paper builds on an analysis of data from a service development project in which lung cancer patients contributed by sharing their ideas and experiences through diaries. Out of the 86 lung cancer patients who were invited to participate, 20 agreed to participate and 14 fully completed the task. The study builds on participants’ contributions, in-depth interviews with six participants and the reasons patients gave for not participating. Findings – This paper identifies a number of motives: non-interest in participating, restitution after poor treatment, desire for contact with others, volunteerism, desire to make a contribution and the enjoyment of having a task to complete. A self-determination theory perspective was adopted to show how the need to satisfy basic human needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness determines if and how patients participate. Participation may have important benefits for patients, especially an improved sense of relatedness. Practical implications – Service providers must be prepared to meet different patient needs in service development, ranging from the need to express strong distress to expressing creativity. By understanding the dynamics of motivation and well-being, organizers may achieve better results in terms of improved services and in patient well-being. Originality/value – This study makes a significant contribution to the study of customer participation in service development, especially in relation to health care, by offering a self-determination-based typology for describing different styles of patient participation.

The marketplace, mental well-being, and me: Exploring self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-compassion in consumer coping

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Machin ◽  
Natalie Ross Adkins ◽  
Elizabeth Crosby ◽  
Justine Rapp Farrell ◽  
Ann M. Mirabito
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Mental Well Being

scholarly journals Exploring Self-Compassion and Versions of Masculinity in Men Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-379
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Reis ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Amber D. Mosewich ◽  
Leah J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Specific Scenario

Despite a growing emphasis on self-compassion in sport, little research has focused exclusively on men athletes. The purpose of this research was to explore the interaction of self-compassion and diverse versions of masculinity on the psychosocial well-being of men athletes. The authors sampled 172 men athletes (Mage = 22.8 yr) from a variety of sports, using descriptive methodology with self-report questionnaires. Self-compassion was related to most variables (e.g., psychological well-being, fear of negative evaluation, state self-criticism, internalized shame, reactions to a hypothetical sport-specific scenario) in hypothesized directions and predicted unique variance beyond self-esteem across most of those variables, as well as moderated relationships between masculinity and both autonomy and attitudes toward gay men. In addition, self-compassion was differentially related to inclusive and hegemonic masculinity. Our findings support self-compassion as a promising resource for men athletes to buffer emotionally difficult sport experiences.

scholarly journals Feeling Interpersonally Controlled While Pursuing Materialistic Goals: A Problematic Combination for Moral Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1330-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon M. Sheldon ◽  
Nicolas Sommet ◽  
Mike Corcoran ◽  
Andrew J. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Goal ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Complex Approach

We created a life-goal assessment drawing from self-determination theory and achievement goal literature, examining its predictive power regarding immoral behavior and subjective well-being. Our source items assessed direction and energization of motivation, via the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic aims and between intrinsic and extrinsic reasons for acting, respectively. Fused source items assessed four goal complexes representing a combination of direction and energization. Across three studies ( Ns = 109, 121, and 398), the extrinsic aim/extrinsic reason complex was consistently associated with immoral and/or unethical behavior beyond four source and three other goal complex variables. This was consistent with the triangle model of responsibility’s claim that immoral behaviors may result when individuals disengage the self from moral prescriptions. The extrinsic/extrinsic complex also predicted lower subjective well-being, albeit less consistently. Our goal complex approach sheds light on how self-determination theory’s goal contents and organismic integration mini-theories interact, particularly with respect to unethical behavior.

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