Effects of a Virtual Air Speed Error Indicator on Guidance Accuracy and Eye Movement Control during Simulated Flight

We examined whether flight-control performance might be improved by presenting airspeed information to peripheral areas of the visual field using virtual head-up displays (HUDs), and whether participants process these displays using peripheral, rather than central, vision. We found that, compared to a standard HUD speed indicator, a peripherally located virtual speed indicator produced superior altitude control and equivalent or better speed control. Participants' gaze dwell times were more concentrated on flight-path and altitude control information as compared to speed information for the virtual HUD speed indicator. Gaze patterns showed that participants processed the virtual speed indicator with peripheral vision while they needed to directly fixate the traditional military standard HUD speed indicator in central vision. We believe the virtual display allowed participants to acquire speed information in a manner consistent with naturally-evolved orienting processes and therefore reduced central visual field load, attentional demand, and overall mental workload, freeing resources for better flight-path control.

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Implantation of the First IMT Macular Lens in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Literature Review)

Acta biomedica scientifica ◽

10.29413/abs.2019-4.4.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

M. M. Bikbov ◽

O. I. Orenburkina ◽

A. E. Babushkin

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Central Vision ◽

Central Visual Field ◽

Visual Rehabilitation ◽

Age Related ◽

Terminal Form ◽

Special Programs

This review presents the characteristics and results of clinical studies of patients with age-related macular degeneration implanted with the developed for this purpose first macular IOL – intraocular macular telescope (IMT). This lens was designed specifically for patients with the most severe or terminal form of age-related macular degeneration and is designed for monocular implantation to provide central vision while maintaining peripheral vision of the paired eye, which is important for maintaining the balance and orientation of patients. This device allows patients to see both in dynamic and static situations in the near, intermediate and far ranges. The disadvantages of this lens are a decrease in the visual field and depth of focus (which excludes its bilateral implantation), the need for a large (10–12 mm) incision for implantation, which can cause an increase in corneal astigmatism and the risk of complications, in particular, the pupillary block with an increase in intraocular pressure. There are also difficulties in the study of the fundus after its implantation to assess the small changes in the macula or to identify possible postoperative complications after cataract surgery (macular oedema, etc.). Also after the implantation of this lens, there is need for special programs of visual rehabilitation. The patient’s commitment to the rehabilitation measures for the adaptation of the central visual field of the operated eye with the peripheral vision of the second eye is crucial for success of the IMT macular telescope implantation procedure.

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Practice Effects on Reaction Time for Peripheral and Central Visual Fields

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.747 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 747-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Soichi Ando ◽

Noriyuki Kida ◽

Shingo Oda

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Processing Time ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Male Students ◽

Practice Effects ◽

Central Vision ◽

Central Visual Field ◽

Key Press ◽

Before And After

The present study examined whether EMG-RT (KT) for a key press to stimulus in peripheral and central visual fields decreases with practice. 16 male students were divided into two groups, one practicing using peripheral vision, the other practicing using central vision. Before and after practice, RT was measured for peripheral and central visual fields. Each group practiced three blocks of 25 trials five days a week for three weeks. RT for peripheral and central visual fields decreased with practice. Practice effects on RT for the peripheral visual field extended to RT for the central visual field, and vice versa. It is suggested that the transfer may reflect the decrease in the central nervous system's processing time in common between two RT tasks.

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A P300 brain-computer interface with a reduced visual field

10.1101/2020.09.07.285379 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luiza Kirasirova ◽

Vladimir Bulanov ◽

Alexei Ossadtchi ◽

Alexander Kolsanov ◽

Vasily Pyatin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Brain Computer Interface ◽

Basic Research ◽

Computer Interface ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Central Visual Field ◽

P300 Speller ◽

User Fatigue

AbstractA P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) is a paradigm, where text characters are decoded from visual evoked potentials (VEPs). In a popular implementation, called P300 speller, a subject looks at a display where characters are flashing and selects one character by attending to it. The selection is recognized by the strongest VEP. The speller performs well when cortical responses to target and non-target stimuli are sufficiently different. Although many strategies have been proposed for improving the spelling, a relatively simple one received insufficient attention in the literature: reduction of the visual field to diminish the contribution from non-target stimuli. Previously, this idea was implemented in a single-stimulus switch that issued an urgent command. To tackle this approach further, we ran a pilot experiment where ten subjects first operated a traditional P300 speller and then wore a binocular aperture that confined their sight to the central visual field. Visual field restriction resulted in a reduction of non-target responses in all subjects. Moreover, in four subjects, target-related VEPs became more distinct. We suggest that this approach could speed up BCI operations and reduce user fatigue. Additionally, instead of wearing an aperture, non-targets could be removed algorithmically or with a hybrid interface that utilizes an eye tracker. We further discuss how a P300 speller could be improved by taking advantage of the different physiological properties of the central and peripheral vision. Finally, we suggest that the proposed experimental approach could be used in basic research on the mechanisms of visual processing.

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A P300 Brain-Computer Interface With a Reduced Visual Field

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2020.604629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Luiza Kirasirova ◽

Vladimir Bulanov ◽

Alexei Ossadtchi ◽

Alexander Kolsanov ◽

Vasily Pyatin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Classification Accuracy ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Brain Computer Interface ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Computer Interface ◽

Central Visual Field ◽

P300 Speller ◽

Related Potentials

A P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) is a paradigm, where text characters are decoded from event-related potentials (ERPs). In a popular implementation, called P300 speller, a subject looks at a display where characters are flashing and selects one character by attending to it. The selection is recognized as the item with the strongest ERP. The speller performs well when cortical responses to target and non-target stimuli are sufficiently different. Although many strategies have been proposed for improving the BCI spelling, a relatively simple one received insufficient attention in the literature: reduction of the visual field to diminish the contribution from non-target stimuli. Previously, this idea was implemented in a single-stimulus switch that issued an urgent command like stopping a robot. To tackle this approach further, we ran a pilot experiment where ten subjects operated a traditional P300 speller or wore a binocular aperture that confined their sight to the central visual field. As intended, visual field restriction resulted in a replacement of non-target ERPs with EEG rhythms asynchronous to stimulus periodicity. Changes in target ERPs were found in half of the subjects and were individually variable. While classification accuracy was slightly better for the aperture condition (84.3 ± 2.9%, mean ± standard error) than the no-aperture condition (81.0 ± 2.6%), this difference was not statistically significant for the entire sample of subjects (N = 10). For both the aperture and no-aperture conditions, classification accuracy improved over 4 days of training, more so for the aperture condition (from 72.0 ± 6.3% to 87.0 ± 3.9% and from 72.0 ± 5.6% to 97.0 ± 2.2% for the no-aperture and aperture conditions, respectively). Although in this study BCI performance was not substantially altered, we suggest that with further refinement this approach could speed up BCI operations and reduce user fatigue. Additionally, instead of wearing an aperture, non-targets could be removed algorithmically or with a hybrid interface that utilizes an eye tracker. We further discuss how a P300 speller could be improved by taking advantage of the different physiological properties of the central and peripheral vision. Finally, we suggest that the proposed experimental approach could be used in basic research on the mechanisms of visual processing.

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The Flip Tilt Illusion: Visible in Peripheral Vision as Predicted by the Central-Peripheral Dichotomy

i-Perception ◽

10.1177/2041669520938408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 204166952093840

Author(s):

Li Zhaoping

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Receptive Fields ◽

Top Down ◽

Central Visual Field ◽

Tilt Illusion ◽

Visual Areas ◽

Vertically Aligned ◽

Visual Cortical ◽

Higher Visual Areas

Consider a gray field comprising pairs of vertically aligned dots; in each pair, one dot is white the other black. When viewed in a peripheral visual field, these pairs appear horizontally aligned. By the Central-Peripheral Dichotomy, this flip tilt illusion arises because top-down feedback from higher to lower visual cortical areas is too weak or absent in the periphery to veto confounded feedforward signals from the primary visual cortex (V1). The white and black dots in each pair activate, respectively, on and off subfields of V1 neural receptive fields. However, the sub-fields’ orientations, and the preferred orientations, of the most activated neurons are orthogonal to the dot alignment. Hence, V1 reports the flip tilt to higher visual areas. Top-down feedback vetoes such misleading reports, but only in the central visual field.

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Visual Cue in the Peripheral Vision Field for a Driving Support System

Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics ◽

10.20965/jaciii.2017.p0543 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 543-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroshi Takahashi ◽

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Visual Stimulus ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Preliminary Design ◽

Central Vision ◽

Design Guideline ◽

Visual Cue ◽

Monitor Display ◽

Processing Mechanisms

This paper deals with the possibility of a new warning method for controlling drivers’ sensitivity for recognizing hazardous factors in the driving environment. The method is based on a visual warning cue in the peripheral vision, which is outside of the central vision. In the human visual field, the central and peripheral vision fields have different processing mechanisms. In this study, the presentation of visual cues in the peripheral vision field is intended to provide a soft visual warning without intrusive interference to the task performed in the central vision. The results of many experiments performed with a 27-in. monitor display showed that a blinking visual cue at a view angle of around 26° from the center provided a good visual stimulus in the peripheral vision without being overlooked or being annoying to the subjects. The subjects tended to perceive the visual stimulus in the peripheral vision field beginning at 60°. A visual cue moving from the outer vision field to the center vision was perceived at around 60° regardless of its speed. A preliminary design guideline for installing visual warnings in the peripheral vision field is proposed.

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Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation to the Secondary Visual Cortex Does Not Impair Central Vision in Humans

10.1101/2021.04.11.439187 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carly A Lasagna ◽

Stephan F Taylor ◽

Taraz Lee ◽

Saige Rutherford ◽

Tristan Greathouse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Visual Field ◽

Bayes Factor ◽

Theta Burst Stimulation ◽

Burst Stimulation ◽

Central Vision ◽

Central Visual Field ◽

Stimulus Detection ◽

Theta Burst ◽

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Background: Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a powerful form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation capable of suppressing cortical excitability for up to 50 minutes. A growing number of studies have applied cTBS to the visual cortex in human subjects to investigate the neural dynamics of visual processing, but few studies have specifically examined its effects on central vision, which has crucial implications for safety and inference on downstream cognitive effects. Objective: Assess the safety of offline, neuronavigated cTBS to V2 by examining its effects on central vision performance on a computerized stimulus detection task. Methods: In a single-blind, randomized sham-controlled, crossover study, 17 healthy adults received cTBS and sham to V2 two weeks apart. Their central vision (≤8°) was tested at 1-minute (T1) and again at 50-minutes (T50) post-stimulation. Effects of condition (cTBS vs. sham) and time (T1 vs. T50) on accuracy and reaction time were examined using Bayes factor. Results: Bayes factor results suggested that cTBS did not impair stimulus detection over the entire central visual field nor subfields at T1 or T50. Conclusions: Our results offer the first explicit evidence supporting that cTBS applied to V2 does not create blind spots in the central visual field in humans. Any subtler changes to vision and downstream visual perception should be investigated in future studies.

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