Applying Cognitive Engineering Principles to Allocation of Roles and Responsibilities for a Future Air Traffic Management Concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Alicia Fernandes ◽  
Timothy Bagnall ◽  
Kenneth Leiden ◽  
Stephen Atkins ◽  
Mark Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Rich History

NASA’s Management by Trajectory (MBT) concept will improve trajectory predictability by providing methods to keep aircraft on negotiated trajectories; however, the concept impacts roles and responsibilities. Most notably, MBT envisions a different distribution of responsibilities between the Radar-side and Data-side (herein called the negotiating) controllers. Cognitive engineering provides a rich history of research into understanding the roles that humans and automation play in complex systems and some principles for system design. This paper briefly summarizes this literature, focusing on principles underlying the proposed allocation of responsibilities in MBT and the source of automation and information requirements.

scholarly journals Co-Operative Air Traffic Management: Concept and Transition

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Prevot ◽  
Todd Callantine ◽  
Paul Lee ◽  
Joey Mercer ◽  
Vernol Battiste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Management Concept

Capacity-Enhancing Air Traffic Management Concept

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin L. Sipe ◽  
Robert W. Schwab ◽  
Aslaug Haraldsdottir ◽  
Ewald G. Schoemig ◽  
Marissa K. Singleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Management Concept

Looking backwards to look forwards: the role of natural history in temperate reef ecology

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hawkins ◽  
N. Mieszkowska ◽  
L. B. Firth ◽  
K. Bohn ◽  
M. T. Burrows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Temperate Reefs ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Rich History

Temperate reefs are superb tractable systems for testing hypotheses in ecology and evolutionary biology. Accordingly there is a rich history of research stretching back over 100 years, which has made major contributions to general ecological and evolutionary theory as well as providing better understanding of how littoral systems work by linking pattern with process. A brief resumé of the history of temperate reef ecology is provided to celebrate this rich heritage. As a community, temperate reef ecologists generally do well designed experiments and test well formulated hypotheses. Increasingly large datasets are being collected, collated and subjected to complex meta-analyses and used for modelling. These datasets do not happen spontaneously – the burgeoning subject of macroecology is possible only because of the efforts of dedicated natural historians whether it be observing birds, butterflies, or barnacles. High-quality natural history and old-fashioned field craft enable surveys or experiments to be stratified (i.e. replicates are replicates and not a random bit of rock) and lead to the generation of more insightful hypotheses. Modern molecular approaches have led to the discovery of cryptic species and provided phylogeographical insights, but natural history is still required to identify species in the field. We advocate a blend of modern approaches with old school skills and a fondness for temperate reefs in all their splendour.

scholarly journals Biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1558) ◽  
pp. 3645-3653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Womack ◽  
Brendan J. M. Bohannan ◽  
Jessica L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Biodiversity Patterns ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Rich History

The variation of life has predominantly been studied on land and in water, but this focus is changing. There is a resurging interest in the distribution of life in the atmosphere and the processes that underlie patterns in this distribution. Here, we review our current state of knowledge about the biodiversity and biogeography of the atmosphere, with an emphasis on micro-organisms, the numerically dominant forms of aerial life. We present evidence to suggest that the atmosphere is a habitat for micro-organisms, and not purely a conduit for terrestrial and aquatic life. Building on a rich history of research in terrestrial and aquatic systems, we explore biodiversity patterns that are likely to play an important role in the emerging field of air biogeography. We discuss the possibility of a more unified understanding of the biosphere, one that links knowledge about biodiversity and biogeography in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

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