Visual Search and Industrial Inspection

In a series of experiments which simulated the inspection of sheet material and simple items, target uncertainty was found in several cases to have a significant effect on search times. The distributions of search times and the numerous occurrences of target position effects confirmed that search strategies were not entirely random. By recording eye-movements, subjects were found to employ very different search strategies which highlighted the problem encountered when attempting to infer search strategies based exclusively on search times.

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Visual search strategies and eye movements when searching Chinese character screens

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies ◽

10.1006/ijhc.2002.1027 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 447-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

RAVINDRA S. GOONETILLEKE ◽

W.C. LAU ◽

HELOISA M. SHIH

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Chinese Character ◽

Search Strategies

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Target Uncertainty in Applied Visual Search

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/001872087601800609 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 607-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Timothy H. Monk

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Search Time ◽

Target Position ◽

Target Uncertainty ◽

Single Dimension ◽

Fixed Order

Target uncertainty was studied in an applied type of task with non-alphanumeric material and no fixed order of scanning. Targets varied from non-targets along a single dimension. Target uncertainty was found to produce a 9.5% increase in search time and did not interact with either target difficulty or target position.

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Visual Search Strategies of Baseball Batters: Eye Movements during the Preparatory Phase of Batting

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.380 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 380-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Takaaki Kato ◽

Tadahiko Fukuda

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Peripheral Vision ◽

Search Strategies ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Preparatory Phase ◽

Ball Trajectory

The aim of this study was to analyze visual search strategies of baseball batters during the viewing period of the pitcher's motion. The 18 subjects were 9 experts and 9 novices. While subjects viewed a videotape which, from a right-handed batter's perspective, showed a pitcher throwing a series of 10 types of pitches, their eye movements were measured and analyzed. Novices moved their eyes faster than experts, and the distribution area of viewing points was also wider than that of the experts. The viewing duration of experts of the pitching arm was longer than those of novices during the last two pitching phases. These results indicate that experts set their visual pivot on the pitcher's elbow and used peripheral vision properties to evaluate the pitcher's motion and the ball trajectory.

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Attention and Entropy in Simulated Flight with Varying Cognitive Loads

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance ◽

10.3357/amhp.5504.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 489-495

Author(s):

Tianjiao Lu ◽

Zhenshan Lou ◽

Feng Shao ◽

Yuan Li ◽

Xuqun You

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Cognitive Load ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Search Strategies ◽

Fixation Time ◽

Flight Performance ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Subject Experiment

INTRODUCTION: This study is conducted to observe the effects of cognitive load on the visual search and attention allocation strategies of pilots. Research on pilots’ visual search strategies can provide valuable information regarding attention distribution and transformation, as well as useful situation awareness (SA) predictions.METHODS: A total of 18 pilots performed flight tasks in a two-condition (high and low cognitive load) within-subject experiment to compare their flight performance and eye movement indicators. Eye movements were tracked during the flight mission by a portable eye-tracking device.RESULTS: Compared to the low cognitive load task, in the high cognitive load task, the subjects exhibited shorter average fixation times (M = 420.38, SD = 60.56), higher fixation frequencies (M = 2.27, SD = 0.30), and lower saccade frequencies (M = 2.7, SD = 0.31). Their flight performance was better during the low cognitive load task, as evidenced by the lower entropy (M = 0.11, SD = 0.03) of their eye movements. Analysis of fixation time percentages and fixation counts showed that the distribution of attention to each area of interest was adjusted dynamically over the course of the given task.DISCUSSION: Significant differences were observed in both fixation order and fixation frequency across the instrument array. When the cognitive load is high, the subjects used more efficient eye movement patterns and search strategies accompanying a higher level of SA.Lu T, Lou Z, Shao F, Li Y, You X. Attention and entropy in simulated flight with varying cognitive loads. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(6):489–495.

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