A Promising Method to Distinguish Vascular Dementia From Alzheimer’s Disease With Standardized Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography and Quantitative EEG

Vascular dementia, secondary to Alzheimer’s dementia, ranks as one of the most frequent dementia types. The process of vascular dementia is divergent with other neurodegenerative dementias and thus reversible at the early cognitive disorder or mild dementia stages. The encephalography and neuroimaging data mining at different stages would bring neuromodulation strategies in practice; 15 mild cognitive impairment patients and 16 mild vascular dementia patients as well as 17 cognitive healthy controls were screened in this study. Cognitive tests such as Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal cognitive assessment, voxel-based morphometry, electroencephalography, and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography connectivity network were conducted. Compared with healthy group, voxel-based morphometry analysis showed a decrease in gray/cerebrospinal fluid ratio ( p < .05) in mild dementia group; the energy power of gamma band decreased ( p < .05) in mild dementia group; and electroencephalography standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis showed wider frontal and temporal lobe involvement in mild dementia patients ( p < .05). Network topological analysis screened top 10 key Brodmann areas (44R, 7R, 8L, 22L, 47L, 27L, 1L, 1R, 7R, 43L), which could be underlying neuromodulators for dementia patients. Electroencephalography as well as structural magnetic resonance imaging could be used for the evaluation of cognitive disorder patients. The spectrum-specific standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis and connectivity network analysis could shed light on the neuromodulator targets in the early phase of dementia.

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3-A-D-2-17. Correlation between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and EEG activities assessed by eLORETA (exact Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography)

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.052 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 126 (6) ◽

pp. e62

Author(s):

Masahiro Hata ◽

Toshihisa Tanaka ◽

Hiroaki Kazui ◽

Ryouhei Ishii ◽

Shunichiro Ikeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Low Resolution ◽

Electromagnetic Tomography ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers

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The Value of Quantitative EEG Measures in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Early Detection and Rehabilitation Technologies for Dementia ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-559-9.ch017 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 132-140

Author(s):

Hideaki Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Quantitative Eeg ◽

Frequency Resolution ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Data Sets ◽

Electromagnetic Tomography ◽

Eyes Closed ◽

Eeg Data ◽

Z Value

There is growing interest in the discovery of clinically useful, robust biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and pre-AD; the ability to accurately diagnose AD or to predict conversion from a preclinical state to AD would aid in both prevention and early intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a statistical assessment of cortical activity using electroencephalograms (EEGs) with normative data and the ability of such an assessment to contribute to the diagnosis of AD. 15 patients with AD and 8 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were studied. Eyes-closed resting EEGs were digitally recorded at 200 Hz from 20 electrodes placed according to the international 10/20 system on the scalp, and 20 artifact-free EEG epochs lasting 2.56 ms were selected. Each EEG epoch was down-sampled to 100 Hz and matched to the normal data sets. The selected EEGs from each subject were analyzed by standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) and statistically compared with the age-matched normal data sets at all frequencies. This procedure resulted in cortical z values for each EEG frequency with 0.39 Hz frequency resolution for each subject. Some of the AD and MCI patients presented a peak of negative z value around 20 Hz, revealing hypoactivity of the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula in the sLORETA cortical image. In addition, severe cases of AD showed decreased parietal activation. These results were in agreement with evidence from statistical neuroimaging using MRI/SPECT. Submission of normal EEG data sets to sLORETA might be useful for the detection of diagnostic and predictive markers of AD and MCI in individual patients.

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Global field power and low resolution electromagnetic tomography solutions in Alzheimer's disease

International Congress Series ◽

10.1016/s0531-5131(01)00826-3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1232 ◽

pp. 751-755

Author(s):

Masafumi Yoshimura ◽

Hailing Zhang ◽

Toshiaki Isotani ◽

Chiharu Tamagaki ◽

Tsunetaka Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Global Field ◽

Low Resolution ◽

Global Field Power ◽

Electromagnetic Tomography

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The Value of Quantitative EEG Measures in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Computational Models and Algorithms in Medicine ◽

10.4018/ijcmam.2012100101 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hideaki Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Normative Data ◽

Quantitative Eeg ◽

Frequency Resolution ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Data Sets ◽

Electromagnetic Tomography ◽

Eyes Closed ◽

Eeg Data

There is growing interest in the discovery of clinically useful, robust biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and pre-AD; the ability to accurately diagnose AD or to predict conversion from a preclinical state to AD would aid in both prevention and early intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a statistical assessment of cortical activity using electroencephalograms (EEGs) with normative data and the ability of such an assessment to contribute to the diagnosis of AD. 15 patients with AD and 8 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were studied. Eyes-closed resting EEGs were digitally recorded at 200 Hz from 20 electrodes placed according to the international 10/20 system on the scalp, and 20 artifact-free EEG epochs lasting 2.56 ms were selected. Each EEG epoch was down-sampled to 100 Hz and matched to the normal data sets. The selected EEGs from each subject were analyzed by standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) and statistically compared with the age-matched normal data sets at all frequencies. This procedure resulted in cortical z values for each EEG frequency with 0.39 Hz frequency resolution for each subject. Some of the AD and MCI patients presented a peak of negative z value around 20 Hz, revealing hypoactivity of the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula in the sLORETA cortical image. In addition, severe cases of AD showed decreased parietal activation. These results were in agreement with evidence from statistical neuroimaging using MRI/SPECT. Submission of normal EEG data sets to sLORETA might be useful for the detection of diagnostic and predictive markers of AD and MCI in individual patients.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Correlate With Electroencephalography Parameters Assessed by Exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA)

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/1550059416662119 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 338-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masahiro Hata ◽

Toshihisa Tanaka ◽

Hiroaki Kazui ◽

Ryouhei Ishii ◽

Leonides Canuet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Low Resolution ◽

Temporal Area ◽

Electromagnetic Tomography ◽

Total Tau ◽

Study Results ◽

The Right

Recently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have garnered a lot of clinical attention. To explore neurophysiological traits of AD and parameters for its clinical diagnosis, we examined the association between CSF biomarkers and electroencephalography (EEG) parameters in 14 probable AD patients. Using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), artifact-free 40-sesond EEG data were estimated with current source density (CSD) and lagged phase synchronization (LPS) as the EEG parameters. Correlations between CSF biomarkers and the EEG parameters were assessed. Patients with AD showed significant negative correlation between CSF beta-amyloid (Aβ)-42 concentration and the logarithms of CSD over the right temporal area in the theta band. Total tau concentration was negatively correlated with the LPS between the left frontal eye field and the right auditory area in the alpha-2 band in patients with AD. Our study results suggest that AD biomarkers, in particular CSF Aβ42 and total tau concentrations are associated with the EEG parameters CSD and LPS, respectively. Our results could yield more insights into the complicated pathology of AD.

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