scholarly journals The Application of Naturalistic Decision-Making Techniques to Explore Cue Use in Rugby League Playmakers

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Johnston ◽  
Ben W. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Cue Use ◽  
Novel Variation

Within the sport of rugby league, there exists a perceived shortage of talent in playmaking positions. In Australia, an academy dedicated to the development of playmaking skills has recently been established. Although the precise skills targeted by the academy for development are yet to be determined, decision making is presumed to be integral. The current research used the naturalistic decision-making paradigm to inform training initiatives by investigating the decision processes engaged by rugby league playmakers. The research explored whether players of varying ability could be differentiated in relation to a key decision process, cue use. Rugby league playmakers were interviewed using a novel variation of cognitive task analysis, which used both retrospective (i.e., recalled game) and prospective (i.e., unfamiliar rugby league scenario) means. The sample comprised 10 participants: six professional and four semiprofessional rugby league players. From a content analysis, a concept map, cognitive demands tables, and a critical cue inventory were produced. Results indicated that professional players demonstrated greater cue discrimination, assigned different meaning to the cues, and processed cues in a different manner compared with their semiprofessional counterparts. The results offer insights for future training applications in the domain and raise important questions regarding the utility of critical cue inventories in training.

An Analysis of Cognitive Demands in Ship-Based Helicopter-Landing Maneuvers

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dev Minotra ◽  
Karen M. Feigh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Helicopter Landing ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Quantities Of Interest ◽  
Shipboard Landing

Rotorcraft pilots face a number of unique challenges in shipboard-landing maneuvers. Even very experienced rotorcraft pilots find such maneuvers to be challenging and delicate, as they require the pilot's undivided attention. To minimize risk, these maneuvers are conducted within well-defined boundaries associated with weather and visibility. To expand the envelope of safety, technological aids that augment decision-making capabilities and reduce pilot workload are being proposed. Our paper reports a cognitive task analysis, which involved interviews with five rotorcraft pilots experienced in shipboard-landing maneuvers. Our results reveal cognitive elements in which expertise plays a critical role. We have articulated our understanding on why pilots are faced with difficulties during these critical points, which led us toward design recommendations and system requirements for technological aids and their displays. We have also identified a number of system limitations and quantities of interest, which may be useful in safety evaluations.

scholarly journals Medication decision-making for patients with renal insufficiency in inpatient and outpatient care at a US Veterans Affairs Medical Centre: a qualitative, cognitive task analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e027439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nervana Elkhadragy ◽  
Amanda P Ifeachor ◽  
Julie B Diiulio ◽  
Karen J Arthur ◽  
Michael Weiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Prescribing Errors ◽  
Drug Problem ◽  
Drug Problems

BackgroundMany studies identify factors that contribute to renal prescribing errors, but few examine how healthcare professionals (HCPs) detect and recover from an error or potential patient safety concern. Knowledge of this information could inform advanced error detection systems and decision support tools that help prevent prescribing errors.ObjectiveTo examine the cognitive strategies that HCPs used to recognise and manage medication-related problems for patients with renal insufficiency.DesignHCPs submitted documentation about medication-related incidents. We then conducted cognitive task analysis interviews. Qualitative data were analysed inductively.SettingInpatient and outpatient facilities at a major US Veterans Affairs Medical Centre.ParticipantsPhysicians, nurses and pharmacists who took action to prevent or resolve a renal-drug problem in patients with renal insufficiency.OutcomesEmergent themes from interviews, as related to recognition of renal-drug problems and decision-making processes.ResultsWe interviewed 20 HCPs. Results yielded a descriptive model of the decision-making process, comprised of three main stages: detect, gather information and act. These stages often followed a cyclical path due largely to the gradual decline of patients’ renal function. Most HCPs relied on being vigilant to detect patients’ renal-drug problems rather than relying on systems to detect unanticipated cues. At each stage, HCPs relied on different cognitive cues depending on medication type: for renally eliminated medications, HCPs focused on gathering renal dosing guidelines, while for nephrotoxic medications, HCPs investigated the need for particular medication therapy, and if warranted, safer alternatives.ConclusionsOur model is useful for trainees so they can gain familiarity with managing renal-drug problems. Based on findings, improvements are warranted for three aspects of healthcare systems: (1) supporting the cyclical nature of renal-drug problem management via longitudinal tracking mechanisms, (2) providing tools to alleviate HCPs’ heavy reliance on vigilance and (3) supporting HCPs’ different decision-making needs for renally eliminated versus nephrotoxic medications.

scholarly journals Cognitive Task Analysis Methods in Envisioned Tactical Command Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Nicolette M. McGeorge ◽  
Stephanie Kane ◽  
Chris Muller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Types Of Information

The battlespace is a volatile and complex environment in which tactical commanders face cognitively challenging responsibilities, compounded with the increased complexity of emerging cyber warfare. It is critical that tactical commanders gain adequate situation awareness for effective decision making to achieve mission success. While current tools enable distribution of large quantities and types of information, they do not adequately support the underlying cognitive work and information needs of tactical commanders. We performed a domain analysis using Cognitive Task Analysis methods, developing a prototypical operational scenario representative of current and envisioned environments, centered on a cyber-attack. Using this analysis, we identified cognitive and information requirements for information displays that support effective tactical decision making. Tactical commanders need to understand dynamic situations in the field, understand the viable courses of actions, know how their mission fits into the larger mission, and communicate with their company subordinates and higher echelons of command.

Understanding the Cognitive Demands, Skills, and Assessment Approaches for Endotracheal Intubation: A Cognitive Task Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Kunkes ◽  
Basiel Makled ◽  
Jack Norfleet ◽  
Steven Schwaitzberg ◽  
Lora Cavuoto
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
And Training

BACKGROUND Proper airway management is an essential skill for hospital personnel and rescue services to learn as it is a priority for the care of critically ill patients. It is critical that providers be properly trained and competent in performing endotracheal intubation (ETI), a widely used technique for airway management. Several metrics have been created in order to measure competence in the ETI procedure. However, there is still a need to improve ETI training and evaluation including a focus on collaborative research across medical specialties in order to establish greater competence-based training and assessments. Training and evaluating ETI should also incorporate modern, evidence-based procedural training methodologies. OBJECTIVE Cognitive task analysis (CTA) is a framework developed to identify the cognitive demands and skills needed to proficiently perform a task, elucidate differences between novice and expert performance, and provide an understanding of the workload associated with a task. The CTA framework was applied to ETI in order to capture a broad view of task and training requirements from the perspective of multiple medical specialties. METHODS A CTA interview was developed based on previous research into the tasks and evaluation methods of ETI. Six experts from multiple medical specialties were interviewed in order to capture the cognitive skills required in order to complete this task. Interviews were coded for main themes, sub-themes in each category, and differences among specialties. These findings were compiled into a skills tree in order to identify the training needs and cognitive requirements of each task. RESULTS The CTA revealed that consistency in equipment setup and planning through talk or think-aloud methods are critical to successfully mastering ETI. These factors allow the providers to avoid errors due to patient characteristics and environmental factors. Variation among specialties derived primarily from the environment in which ETI is performed, subsequent treatment plans, and available resources. Anesthesiology typically represented the most ideal cases with a large potential for training, whereas emergency medical personnel faced the greatest number of constraints based on the environment and available equipment. CONCLUSIONS While the skills tree cannot perfectly capture the complexity and detail of all potential cases, it provided insight into the nuanced skills and training techniques used to prepare novices for the variability they may find in practice. Importantly, the CTA identified ways in which challenges faced by novices may be overcome and how this training can be applied to future cases. By making these implicit skills and points of variation explicit, they can be better translated into teachable details. These findings are consistent with previous studies looking at developing improved assessment metrics for ETI and expand upon their work by delving into methods of feedback and strategies to assist novices.

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