EXPRESS: The vertical space-time association

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110570
Author(s):  
Alessia Beracci ◽  
Marissa Lynn Rescott ◽  
Vincenzo Natale ◽  
Marco Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Distance Effect ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Reference Stimulus ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Bottom To Top

The space-time interaction suggests a left-to-right directionality in the mind’s representation of elapsing time. However, studies showing a possible vertical time representation are scarce and contradictory. In Experiment 1, 32 participants had to judge the duration (200, 300, 500 or 600 milliseconds) of the target stimulus that appeared at the top, centre, or bottom of the screen, compared to a reference stimulus (400 milliseconds) always appeared in the centre of the screen. In Experiment 2, 32 participants were administered with the same procedure, but the reference stimulus appeared at the top, centre, or bottom of the screen and the target stimulus was fixed in the centre location. In both experiments, a space-time interaction was found with an association between short durations and bottom response key as well as between long durations and top key. The evidence of a vertical mental timeline was further confirmed by the distance effect with a lower level of performance for durations close to that of the reference stimulus. The results suggest a bottom-to-top mapping of time representation, more in line with the metaphor “more is up”.

scholarly journals Clustering of equine grass sickness cases in the United Kingdom: a study considering the effect of position-dependent reporting on the space–time K-function

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. FRENCH ◽  
H. E. McCARTHY ◽  
P. J. DIGGLE ◽  
C. J. PROUDMAN
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Grass Sickness ◽  
Type C

Equine grass sickness (EGS) is a largely fatal, pasture-associated dysautonomia. Although the aetiology of this disease is unknown, there is increasing evidence that Clostridium botulinum type C plays an important role in this condition. The disease is widespread in the United Kingdom, with the highest incidence believed to occur in Scotland. EGS also shows strong seasonal variation (most cases are reported between April and July). Data from histologically confirmed cases of EGS from England and Wales in 1999 and 2000 were collected from UK veterinary diagnostic centres. The data did not represent a complete census of cases, and the proportion of all cases reported to the centres would have varied in space and, independently, in time. We consider the variable reporting of this condition and the appropriateness of the space–time K-function when exploring the spatial-temporal properties of a ‘thinned’ point process. We conclude that such position-dependent under-reporting of EGS does not invalidate the Monte Carlo test for space–time interaction, and find strong evidence for space–time clustering of EGS cases (P<0·001). This may be attributed to contagious or other spatially and temporally localized processes such as local climate and/or pasture management practices.

A space-time representation of a massive, relativistic, spin zero particle

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Ziolkowski ◽  
Amr M. Shaarawi ◽  
Ioannis M. Besieris
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Representation ◽  
Relativistic Spin

Dual Space-Time Representation

2008 ◽  
pp. 255-255
Author(s):  
Shashi Shekhar ◽  
Hui Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Dual Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Representation

Size Distortions: Space-Time Interaction

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
S Chukova ◽  
V E Gauzelman
Keyword(s):  
Random Order ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Reference Stimulus ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Modular Model ◽  
Size Distortions

We used a modified method of constant stimuli to measure spatial interval discrimination thresholds. Horizontal intervals were indicated by a pair of dark vertical lines on a bright background. In each experimental session, thresholds were measured for seven reference stimuli, presented in random order. Reference stimulus separations varied from 9.52 to 16.66 min−1 in increments of 1.95 min−1. The interstimulus interval (ISI) was varied (50, 200, 500, and 1000 ms) between experimental sessions. Stimulus duration was constant at 500 ms. For all ISI durations, the point of subjective equality (PSE) for small spatial separation references was less than physical equality, the PSE for larger separations was greater, and the PSE was close to physical equality for reference stimuli in the centre of the range. This result is consistent with the modular model [V D Glezer, 1995 Vision and Mind (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum)]. However, the magnitude of the PSE shifts was affected by the ISI duration: at 50 and 1000 ms, the small spatial intervals were more underestimated and the large ones were more overestimated than at 200 or 500 ms. The discriminability thresholds based on the slopes of the psychometric functions varied inversely with the ISI duration, but at the ISI of 1000 ms increased again. These findings demonstrate that in the sequential mode of presentation the temporal separation can be as important as the spatial separation distribution in determining the PSE. This suggests that these size distortions result more from memory processing than from spatial processing.

Space-Time Representation in Wave Mechanics

1953 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 822-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Hellund ◽  
M. K. Brachman
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Time Representation
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