distance effect
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2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Qunyang Du ◽  
Danqing Deng ◽  
Jacob Wood

Distance and space are important factors affecting international trade, but they have different effects on cross-border e-commerce (CBE) due to the creation of the Internet. This study utilizes spatial autocorrelation, the multi-dimension gravity model and the Spatial Durbin model to conduct an comparative analysis of international trade and CBE within one-belt one-road (BR) countries. Our study obtained several key findings. Firstly, the spatial autocorrelation effect which exists in international trade does not exist in CBE. Secondly, the geographical distance effect of CBE is not significant, which is different from that of international trade. Thirdly, CBE is affected by GDP, culture, policy and institution distances which is not entirely consistent with international trade. Finally, the Spatial Durbin model shows that the spillover effect of CBE and international trade are both significant in the inverse distance weight matrix. These findings provide not only important theoretical contributions but also a practical guide for Government policy makers of the BR and CBE.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Mazar ◽  
Geoffrey Tomaino ◽  
Ziv Carmon ◽  
Wendy Wood

COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death in the United States, despite wide availability of vaccines. Distance may pose an overlooked barrier to vaccine uptake. We analyzed the association between distance to vaccine sites and vaccination rates. Zip codes farther away from vaccine sites had consistently lower vaccine uptake. This effect persisted after controlling for potent covariates (e.g., partisanship, vaccine hesitancy), as well as in multiverse analyses testing across more than 1,000 specifications. Suggesting that the effect was not explained by reverse causality (i.e. proximity driven by demand), the distance effect maintained in analyses limited only to retail locations (e.g., CVS), whose location was set pre-pandemic. Findings suggest that reducing distance to vaccine sites as a powerful lever for encouraging COVID-19 vaccination.


2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110659
Author(s):  
Yi Cao ◽  
Yubo Hou ◽  
Zhiwen Dong ◽  
Li-Jun Ji

Building on the benign violation theory and self-construal theory, we conducted four studies to examine how culture and social distance would influence humor appreciation, sharing, and production. Study 1 found that Chinese participants appreciated and intended to share a joke involving distant others more than that involving close others. They also generated funnier titles for a joke involving distant others than close others. Studies 2a and 2b compared Chinese and Americans using various types of jokes, replicating the social distance effect among Chinese but finding little effect of social distance among Americans. In Study 3, interdependence-primed participants generated more humorous titles for a joke involving distant than close others, whereas independence-primed participants showed no effect of social distance. The research provides further support to the benign violation theory from a cultural perspective and has important implications for cross-cultural communications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yao ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Kailai Wang ◽  
Wenhao Yu ◽  
Purong Deng ◽  
...  

Narrow-ranged species face challenges from natural disasters and human activities, and to address why species distributes only in a limited region is of great significance. Here we investigated the genetic diversity, gene flow, and genetic differentiation in six wild and three cultivated populations of Thuja sutchuenensis, a species that survive only in the Daba mountain chain, using chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) and nuclear restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (nRAD-seq). Wild T. sutchuenensis populations were from a common ancestral population at 203 ka, indicating they reached the Daba mountain chain before the start of population contraction at the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼120–140 ka). T. sutchuenensis populations showed relatively high chloroplast but low nuclear genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation of nRAD-seq in any pairwise comparisons were low, while the cpSSR genetic differentiation values varied with pairwise comparisons of populations. High gene flow and low genetic differentiation resulted in a weak isolation-by-distance effect. The genetic diversity and differentiation of T. sutchuenensis explained its survival in the Daba mountain chain, while its narrow ecological niche from the relatively isolated and unique environment in the “refugia” limited its distribution.


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2327
Author(s):  
Mariam Algarni ◽  
Kamal Berrada ◽  
Sayed Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Hichem Eleuch

We investigate the effect of the interatomic distances and thermal reservoir on the coherence dynamics of the atoms considering the dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) and collective damping effect (CDE). We show that the control and protection of the coherence are very sensitive to the interatomic distances and reservoir temperature. Furthermore, we explore the distance effect between atoms and reservoir temperature on the time evolution of the total quantum correlation between the two atoms. The obtained results could be useful to execute these quantum phenomena and also considered as a good indication to implement realistic experiments with optimal conditions.


Author(s):  
Fabian Baier ◽  
Peter Berster ◽  
Marc Gelhausen

AbstractThe reliability of forecast models in the aviation sector is an important factor for industry and policy makers likewise. Expanding airports and fleets usually is a cost and time intensive process, and in order to maintain efficient market behavior, accurate anticipation of future demand and structural changes is attempted. We present a new quantitative approach to air cargo forecasts utilizing global airport-dyadic ICAO CASS data in general linearized airport fixed effects gravity models. While the strong explanatory power of our time invariant constant model has its natural difficulties predicting a variety of smaller indicators from previous models found in literature, we achieve very good results for selected time variant variables as gross domestic product per capita or kerosene prices. This makes our model a perfect tool for forecast simulations: extrapolating general economic forecast data provided by IHS Markit yield similar results to Boeing cargo forecasts (2020), with a slight decrease in the long run. Additionally, we do not need to split or control our sample in regional groups due to airport fixed effects, which makes the model on the other hand suitable for country- and airport level forecasts as well. The utilization of a large unique bilateral freight data set also helps answering classical gravity model questions in aviation: we track the distance effect to a matter of sample selection, finding no significant interaction following state of the art gravity econometrics.


MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-578
Author(s):  
SOMENATH DUTTA ◽  
S. I. LASKAR ◽  
M. MAITI

lkj & bl ’kks/k i= esa nf{k.k&if’pe ekulwu _rq ¼,l-MCY;w-,e-,l-½ ds nkSjku caxky dh [kkM++h esa mBs coaMj ds nwjorhZ izHkko ds QyLo:Ik iq.ks esa o"kkZ esa gqbZ o`f) esa if’peh ?kkV ¼MCY;w-th-½ dh xR;kRed Hkwfedk ¼;fn dksbZ gks rks½ dh tk¡p djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA bldh tk¡p djus ds fy, e/; ekiØe vojks/k ds Åij ok;q&izokg ds ,d xR;kRed ekWMy dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA N% ?kVukvksa ds v/;;u ls ;g Kkr gqvk gS fd caxky dh [kkM+h esa coaMj mBus dh fLFkfr esa iq.ks esa gqbZ o"kkZ esa o`f) ns[kh xbZ gSA bu N% ?kVukvksa esa ls pkj  ?kVukvksa esa ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd xR;kRed ekWMy iq.ks esa o"kkZ dh izsf{kr ?kV&c<+ ¼deh&cs’kh½ dk irk yxkus esa xq.kkRed :Ik ls lQy jgk gSA bu pkjksa ?kVukvksa esa if’peh iousa if’pe rV ds fdukjs m/okZ/kj esa vis{kkÑr dkQh rhoz FkhaA vU; nks ?kVukvksa esa ls ,d ?kVuk esa ;g ekWMy o"kkZ dh vf/kdrk dks] de ls de xq.kkRed :Ik esa] irk yxkus esa lQy jgk gS ijUrq o"kkZ esa deh dk irk yxkus esa vlQy jgk gSA ,d vU; ?kVuk esa ;g ekWMy iq.ks esa o"kkZ dh ?kV&c<+ Kkr djus esa xq.kkRed :Ik ls Hkh iw.kZr;k vlQy jgk gSA vafre nks ?kVukvksa esa if’pe rVh; LVs’ku ij if’peh iou detksj ,oa lrgh FkhA   An attempt has been made to examine the dynamical role (if any) played by the Western Ghats (WG), in the distance effect of vortex over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) on the rainfall enhancement over Pune, during southwest monsoon season (SWMS). To examine it, a dynamical model of airflow over a meso-scale barrier has been used. Six cases have been studied, in which enhancement of rainfall over Pune in presence of vortex over the Head Bay are noticed. Out of these six cases, in four cases it is found that the dynamical model can capture, at least qualitatively, the observed fluctuation (rise and fall) of rainfall over Pune. In these four cases westerly along west coast was strong with considerable depth in vertical. In one of the other two cases, the model has been able to capture, at least qualitatively, the observed rise in rainfall but failed to capture the observed fall in rainfall. In the other case the model has failed completely to capture, even qualitatively, the fluctuation in observed rainfall over Pune. In the last two cases, westerly along west coast station was weak and shallow.  


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Ranzini ◽  
Carlo Semenza ◽  
Marco Zorzi ◽  
Simone Cutini

Embodied and grounded cognition theories suggest that cognitive processes are built upon sensorimotor systems. In the context of studies on numerical cognition, interactions between number processing and the hand actions of reaching and grasping have been documented in skilled adults, thereby supporting embodied and grounded cognition accounts. The present study made use of the neurophysiological principle of neural adaptation applied to repetitive hand actions to test the hypothesis of a functional overlap between neurocognitive mechanisms of hand action and number processing. Participants performed repetitive grasping of an object, repetitive pointing, repetitive tapping, or passive viewing. Subsequently, they performed a symbolic number comparison task. Importantly, hand action and number comparison were functionally and temporally dissociated, thereby minimizing context-based effects. Results showed that executing the action of pointing slowed down the responses in number comparison. Moreover, the typical distance effect (faster responses for numbers far from the reference as compared to close ones) was not observed for small numbers after pointing, while it was enhanced by grasping. These findings confirm the functional link between hand action and number processing, and suggest new hypotheses on the role of pointing as a meaningful gesture in the development and embodiment of numerical skills.


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