Revisiting youth player development in Australian Rules Football: Is there a place for bio-banding?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110426
Author(s):  
Fraser G Thurlow ◽  
Rich J Kite ◽  
Sean P Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Australian Rules Football ◽  
Training Practice

Within a group of adolescent Australian Rules Football (ARF) players, individuals of the same chronological age can differ greatly in biological maturation, with some players maturing vastly earlier or later than their peers. Such large differences in maturity can cause a disparity between physical performance, influence the perceptions of talent, and affect training practice. In attempts to address such issues, this overview proposes the concept of bio-banding in ARF, which may be used periodically within the national talent pathway to optimise player development. Bio-banding is the process of grouping adolescent athletes into specific categories or ‘bands’ based on biological maturation, rather than chronological age. This review describes how bio-banding may be used to enhance player development in ARF, giving context to its background and implementation in other sports.

scholarly journals Biological Maturation, Body Morphology and Physical Performance in 8-16 Year-Old Obese Girls from Montes Claros – Mg

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Freitas ◽  
António J.B. Figueiredo ◽  
Andréia L. R. de Freitas ◽  
Vinícius D. Rodrigues ◽  
Alexandre A. C. da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Body Morphology ◽  
Biological Maturation

Abstract Measurements of maturity depend on the biological system considered since differences are often found in performance and body size in subjects of the same chronological age. The objective of this study was to identify associations between biological maturation, body morphology and physical performance in girls aged from 8.0 to 15.9 year-old and to verify the bone age in obese girls and compare it with chronological age. For that purpose 2040 (11.9 ± 2.3 years) school girls from Montes Claros, participated in this study. Regular anthropometric measures as height and body mass were taken. Triceps, biceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and calf skinfolds were also registered. Physical performance was assessed trough the test of a standing long jump, handgrip strength and 20 m multistage shuttle run. Maturational status, the average age at menarche and identification of PHV (maturity off set) were determined by means of the retrospective method. Girls with the BMI above the 95th percentile got their bone age evaluated through X-ray of the left hand/wrist, in accordance with the FELS method. It was possible to find an average age at menarche of 11.30 ± 0.70, while the average age at PHV was 12.17 ± 0.71 years of age. It was observed that both body composition and physical performance showed a tendency to increase with advancing age. However, when controlling the effect of maturation, despite having higher values in body composition the post-menarche girls group did not show higher levels of physical performance. In all age groups, obese girls showed mean rates of bone age higher than chronologic age (12.25 ± 2.09 and 14.09 ± 2.35, respectively, p=0.000). Chronological age should be used with caution when evaluating obese teenagers as it may underestimate biological age.

Effect of Biological Maturation on Performance of the Athletic Ability Assessment in Australian Rules Football Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Rogers ◽  
Ian McKeown ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Darren Burgess ◽  
Roger G. Eston
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Australian Rules Football

Purpose: To determine the effect of biological maturation on athletic movement competency as measured using the Athletic Ability Assessment-6. Methods: Fifty-two junior Australian Rules football players were split into 3 groups based on proximity to peak height velocity, while 46 senior players were split into 2 groups based on playing status. The subjects completed the Athletic Ability Assessment-6 (inclusive of the overhead squat, double lunge, single-leg Romanian dead lift, push-up, and chin-up). All subjects were filmed and retrospectively assessed by a single rater. A 1-way analysis of variance and effect-size statistics (Cohen d) with corresponding 90% confidence intervals were used to describe between-groups differences in the component movement scores. The statistical significance was set a priori at P < .05. Results: There were significant between-groups differences for all component movements (P < .05). Post hoc testing revealed that older, more mature subjects possessed greater competency in all movements except the overhead squat. The effect sizes revealed predominantly moderate to very large differences in competency between the senior and junior groups (range of d [90% confidence interval]: 0.70 [0.06 to 1.30] to 3.01 [2.18 to 3.72]), with unclear to moderate differences found when comparing the 3 junior groups (0.08 [−0.50 to 0.65] to 0.97 [0.22–1.61]). Conclusions: The findings suggest that biological maturation may be associated with changes in athletic movement competency in youth Australian Rules football players. Therefore, it is recommended that strength and conditioning coaches monitor maturity status when working with 12- to 15-y-old players. This can allow for a comparison of an individual’s athletic movement competency to maturity-based standards and help guide developmentally appropriate training programs.

scholarly journals Complicating leadership: choral conducting training through movement theatre practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Daniel Galbreath ◽  
Gavin Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Choral Conducting ◽  
Musical Sound ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
Direct Physical Contact ◽  
Performance Projects ◽  
Training Practice

Conductors are typically presumed to possess the physical, interpretative control in choral performance. Questioning that presumption, this article explores how student conductors might be encouraged to engage physically with the musical sound – and sounding bodies – of a choir. It argues that singers’ vocal performance directly and fruitfully impacts on a conductor’s gestural leadership. Borrowing techniques from established physical/movement-based performance and theatre, it explores how conductors might act as the embodied nexus of the poietic and esthesic dimensions of interpretation (Nattiez, 1990), thus collaboratively constructing a performance. To frame the discussion, a conceptualisation of the overlap between body and voice is set out. This conceptualisation emerged during the development of vocal-physical performance projects (2015-16) and was subsequently developed into a broader philosophical orientation. Focusing on issues of embodiment and empathy, this orientation is enlisted to re-examine choral conducting training practices. The influence of these explorations on Daniel Galbreath’s choral conducting teaching is outlined. Additional action-research with theatre practitioner and teacher Gavin Thatcher is then detailed to demonstrate further developments and disruptions to Galbreath’s practice. As a result, a conducting training practice emerges from these practical enquiries that exploits performers’ mutual, direct physical contact via sound.

scholarly journals Chronological Age vs. Biological Maturation

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhodri S. Lloyd ◽  
Jon L. Oliver ◽  
Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Mark B. A. De Ste Croix
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Age ◽  
Biological Maturation

scholarly journals How Does Biological Maturation and Training Experience Impact the Physical and Technical Performance of 11–14-Year-Old Male Basketball Players?

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
Ana Ramos ◽  
Manuel A. Janeira ◽  
Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones ◽  
José Maia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
And Training

This study (1) investigated the effects of age, maturity status, anthropometrics, and years of training on 11–14-year-old male basketball players’ physical performance and technical skills development, and (2) estimated the contribution of maturity status and training years on players’ physical and technical performances. The sample consisted of 150 participants, average age 13.3 ± 0.7 years, grouped by early, average, and late maturation. Biological maturation, anthropometry, and training data were collected using standard procedures. Measures of physical performance assessed included: aerobic fitness, abdominal muscular strength and endurance, static strength, lower body explosive power, upper body explosive power, speed, and agility and body control. Basketball-specific technical skills were also recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare group differences. Results indicated that early maturers were taller, heavier, and had greater strength, power, speed, and agility (p < 0.05). When controlling for age, height, and body mass, early maturers remained stronger, quicker, and more agile (p < 0.05). They were also more skillful in the speed shot shooting test (p < 0.05). Apart from tests of aerobic fitness, abdominal muscular strength and endurance, and lower body explosive power, maturity status was the primary contributor to the variance in the physical performance tests. Years of training was the primary contributor to the variance in the technical skills tests. Whilst physical performance was dependent on maturity status, technical skills were influenced by years of training. Since both biological maturation and years of training play an important role in basketball performance, we recommend that coaches consider the effects of these two confounders when recruiting and selecting youth basketballers.

Coping and Coping Effectiveness in Relation to a Competitive Sport Event: Pubertal Status, Chronological Age, and Gender among Adolescent Athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Nicholls ◽  
Remco Polman ◽  
David Morley ◽  
Natalie J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Coping Effectiveness ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

An aim of this paper was to discover whether athletes of different pubertal status, chronological age, and gender reported distinct coping strategies in response to stress during a competitive event in their sport. A secondary aim was to examine pubertal status group, chronological age, and gender differences in coping effectiveness. Participants were adolescent athletes (n = 527), classified as beginning-pubertal (n = 59), midpubertal (n = 189), advanced-pubertal (n = 237), and postpubertal (n = 22). Findings revealed that there were small, but significant differences in how athletes of different pubertal status and chronological age coped. There were also significant differences between how athletes of different pubertal status perceived the effectiveness of their coping strategies. Interestingly, our results suggested that the relationship between pubertal status and coping and coping effectiveness is different from the relationship between chronological age and coping and coping effectiveness.

scholarly journals Body Physique, Body Composition, Physical Performance, Technical and Tactical Skills, Psychological Development, and Club Characteristics of Young Male Portuguese Soccer Players: The INEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Maryam Abarghoueinejad ◽  
Daniel Barreira ◽  
Cláudia Dias ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Age Related

Youth soccer performance is multifaceted, includes physical growth, biological maturation, and physical fitness, and is linked to the sporting environment to which the players are exposed. We aim to describe age-related associations in body physique, body composition, physical performance technical and tactical skills, psychological and club characteristics of male soccer players aged 12 to 14 years. A total of 157 male soccer players clustered into three age-cohorts (12, 13 and 14 years) were recruited from six soccer clubs. Anthropometric, body composition and body physique, biological maturation, physical performance, skill/game proficiency data, psychological characteristics, and clubs’ characteristics were collected. Group means were compared using analysis of variance and covariance. Fourteen years old players were significantly taller, heavier, leaner, faster, stronger, and technically more skilled than their younger peers (p < 0.05). Differences in physical performance and technical skills (p < 0.05) were found between age groups when adjusting for confounders of soccer training and biological maturation. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between age groups were found in psychological domains. Our findings suggest that age, biological maturation, and training volume are key factors influencing young soccer players’ performance and development. Further, clubs’ conditions provide players with ample resources for their success in training and competition.

scholarly journals Establishing Age- and Sex-Specific Norms for Pediatric Return-to-Sports Physical Performance Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712110231
Author(s):  
John R. Magill ◽  
Heather S. Myers ◽  
Trevor A. Lentz ◽  
Laura Pietrosimone ◽  
Thomas Risoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Graft tears and contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common in pediatric athletes after ACL reconstruction. Use of objective return-to-sports (RTS) criteria, in particular physical performance tests (PPTs), is believed to reduce the incidence of secondary injury; however, pediatric norms for these tests are unknown. Purpose: To establish a proof of concept for the creation of age- and sex-based norms for commonly used RTS PPTs in healthy pediatric athletes, allowing the creation of growth curves for clinical referencing. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 100 healthy people who were between the ages of 6 and 18 years and involved in organized sports were enrolled, with even distributions of age and sex. All participants underwent 9 common RTS PPTs: stork test, stork test on Bosu, single-leg squat, single-leg squat on Bosu, clockwise and counterclockwise quadrant hops, single-leg hop for distance, 6-m timed hop, and triple crossover hop for distance. Mean performance across limbs was calculated for each individual. Chronological age, height, weight, sex, and self-reported Pubertal Maturational Observational Scale (PMOS) score were recorded. Univariable and multivariable models were created for each PPT, assessing the importance of the recorded descriptive variables. Quantile regression was used to create growth curves for each PPT. Results: The cohort was 52% female, and the mean ± standard deviation age was 11.7 ± 3.6 years. PMOS was highly correlated with age ( r = 0.86) and was excluded from the regressions. In univariable regression, age, height, and weight were strong predictors of performance for all PPTs, whereas sex was a predictor of performance on the single-leg and triple crossover hops for distance (with males outperforming females). Height and weight were excluded from multivariable regression because of multicollinearity with age. Multivariable regression showed predictive patterns for age and sex that were identical to those shown in the univariable analysis. Given ceiling effects, quantile regression for the stork tests was not possible, but quantile regression growth curves were successfully created for the 7 remaining PPTs. Conclusion: Chronological age and sex accurately predicted performance on common RTS PPTs in pediatric patients. The growth curves presented herein could assist clinicians with benchmarking pediatric patients postoperatively against a healthy athletic cohort.

scholarly journals Biological maturation of Portuguese rhythmic gymnasts in different competition levels of performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Amanda Batista ◽  
Rui Garganta ◽  
Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Competition Level

The aims of the present study were: (1) identify and compare the biological maturity in Portuguese gymnasts across competitive levels; (2) investigate how morphological variables and training volume behave in the different status and indicators of maturity and (3) determinate if the maturity status influences the competitive performance. The sample (n=164) consisted of three competition levels (Base, 1st division and Elite) from Portugal. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were performed. For analysis of biological maturation, the sexual and somatic maturation were evaluated. For the statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson correlation and Linear Regression were used. In total, 63.4% of gymnasts had not yet reached menarche and the higher competition level, lower the number of gymnasts with menarche. On mean, all groups had reached the age at peak height velocity. The higher the competition level, higher the chronological age and age at peak height velocity. Thus, the maturation indicators showed a delay in pubertal development in all competition levels and the elite gymnasts seem present a later pubertal development. The chronological age, the values of body mass, height, BMI and body fat increased with the maturity status according all maturity indicators. However, gymnasts with different maturity status revealed similar training volume. Finally, the maturational status explained 11.5% of competition success with higher advantage in the competitive performance to prepubertal gymnasts. Thus, the premenarcheal status and a higher age at peak height velocity contribute to performance in Rhythmic Gymnastics.

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