Collecting Repeated Data Over Time: Applying Experience Sampling Methodology to the Hospitality Management Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 193896552096106
Author(s):  
Heyao Yu ◽  
Lindsey Lee ◽  
Juan M. Madera

While organizational and management research has implemented the use of experience sampling methods (ESM), hospitality management research has yet to reap the benefits of this method and design. ESM involves collecting data at several time points from participants as they experience organizational phenomena, measuring the variations and oscillations in attitudes, behaviors, and performance. This article seeks to define ESM for hospitality research, highlight the strengths, outline the challenges of ESM, and offer best practices by using ESM data from three hospitality industry examples. Each example compares cross-sectional data collection methods and analyses to ESM data collection methods and analyses to compare the different results of the data collection methods.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Moore ◽  
Shannon Dailey ◽  
Hallie Garrison ◽  
Andrei Amatuni ◽  
Elika Bergelson

Around their first birthdays, infants begin to point, walk, and talk. These abilities are appreciable both by researchers with strictly standardized criteria and caregivers with more relaxed notions of what each of these skills entails. Here we compare the onsets of these skills and links among them across two data collection methods: observation and parental report. We examine pointing, walking, and talking in a sample of 44 infants studied longitudinally from 6–18 months. In this sample, links between pointing and vocabulary were tighter than those between walking and vocabulary, supporting a unified socio-communicative growth account. Indeed, across several cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, pointers had larger vocabularies than their non-pointing peers. In contrast to previous work, this did not hold for walkers’ vs. crawlers’ vocabularies in our sample. Comparing across data sources, we find that reported and observed estimates of the growing vocabulary and of age of walk onset were closely correlated, while agreement between parents and researchers on pointing onset and talking onset was weaker. Taken together, these results support a developmental account in which gesture and language are intertwined aspects of early communication and symbolic thinking, whereas the shift from crawling to walking appears indistinct from age in its relation with language. We conclude that pointing, walking, and talking are on similar timelines yet distinct from one another, and discuss methodological and theoretical implications in the context of early development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sunarsa ◽  
Nyoma Dini Andiani

This study aims to determine the perception of tourists on the cleanliness of public toilets in Tourist Objects and Attractions in Bali. The population of this study is all public toilets that are spread on the attractiveness of tourism in all districts and cities in Bali. The toilet samples used were 20 public toilets and a sample of 10 respondents from each toilet or equal to 200 people. Data collection methods used are interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used are qualitative descriptive and analysis of interest and performance levels. The results showed that tourists' perception of the cleanliness of public toilets on tourist objects and attractions in Bali was 2.18, which meant that the toilets were less clean. Tourist comments show smelly, dirty toilets, no tissue and no soap. The level of suitability between experience and tourist expectations of cleanliness and public toilet facilities at tourist attractions in Bali is 47%. This shows that only 47% of tourist expectations can be met. While the remaining 53% cannot be fulfilled


1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mitchell ◽  
Winston Bennett ◽  
J. J. Weissmuller ◽  
R. L. Gosc ◽  
Patricia Waldroop ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Weigold ◽  
Ingrid K. Weigold ◽  
Elizabeth J. Russell ◽  
John Shook ◽  
Sara N. Natera ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 103538
Author(s):  
Yantao Yu ◽  
Waleed Umer ◽  
Xincong Yang ◽  
Maxwell Fordjour Antwi-Afari

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