Angioplastica carotidea

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Puglioli ◽  
R. Padolecchia ◽  
P.L. Collavoli ◽  
G. Parenti ◽  
G. Orlandi ◽  
...  

L'endoarteriectomia, come confermano i risultati degli studi multicentrici NASCET (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial), ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial) ed ACAS (Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study), rappresenta il trattamento di elezione delle stenosi aterosclerotiche interessanti il distretto extracranico dell'arteria carotide, sia nei pazienti sintomatici (stenosi > 70%) che asintomatici (stenosi > 60%). L'intervento chirurgico è gravato da un rischio cumulativo di morbilità-mortalità (stroke/morte) che il NASCET, l'ECST e l'ACAS segnalano, rispettivamente, nel 5,8%, 7,5% e 2,3%, insieme ad altre possibili complicanze: infarto miocardico (0,9%), paralisi di nervi cranici (7,6%), ematoma del collo (5,5%), infezioni (3,4%). Qualora, per ragioni cliniche od anatomiche, il rischio chirurgico sia troppo elevato, come nei pazienti cardiopatici, diabetici, con insufficienza polmonare o renale, con restenosi, con stenosi post-attiniche o fibrodisplastiche, con stenosi carotidee prossimali o distali, con lesioni «tandem», l'angioplastica transluminale percutanea (PTA) e/o lo Stenting carotideo possono rappresentare una valida alternativa terapeutica all'endoarteriectomia. In questo articolo presentiamo la nostra casistica relativa a 41 procedure (36 PTA; 5 Stenting), eseguite su 33 pazienti negli ultimi due anni. I trattamenti sono stati rivolti a 28 arterie carotidi interne, 4 arterie carotidi esterne, 2 arterie carotidi comuni, 2 tronchi anonimi; gli stents sono stati rilasciati in 4 arterie carotidi interne e in 1 arteria carotide comune. Le procedure regolarmente portate a termine sono state 37 (32 PTA; 5 Stents), con un ottimo risultato anatomico in 36 casi. Nei controlli a 6 mesi abbiamo riscontrato una ristenosi (< 60%), asintomatica. In questo articolo illustriamo il nostro protocollo, gli insuccessi tecnici, i risultati e le complicanze.

Author(s):  
M.V. Vishniakova

Ишемические нарушения мозгового кровообращения являются одной из самых важных проблем меди- цины. Примерно в половине случаев изменения происходят на фоне окклюзирующего поражения сон- ных артерий. Существует несколько основных методов диагностики атеросклеротических изменений со- судов, каждый из которых обладает определенными преимуществами и недостатками. На протяжении нескольких столетий изучались взаимосвязи между окклюзией внутренней сонной артерии (а позже и стенозом артерии) и развитием неврологической картины инсульта головного мозга. В XX в. начали ис- пользовать ангиографию для диагностики поражений сонных артерий и выполнения первых реконструк- тивных операций. Во второй половине XX в. количество выполняемых вмешательств значительно воз- росло, что привело к созданию крупных рандомизированных исследований NASCET (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial) и ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial), которые определили тактику ведения пациентов на годы вперед. С развитием современных неинвазивных методов диагности- ки ультразвукового исследования, компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии ангиография постепенно стала отходить на второй план в обследовании пациента перед операцией. На настоящий мо- мент существует спектр диагностических методов для оценки состояния сонных артерий при их атеро- склеротическом поражении. Из них только ультразвуковое исследование включено в протокол обяза- тельного обследования перед операцией. По данным современной литературы, неинвазивные методы, такие как компьютерная и магнитно-резонансная ангиография, вносят весомый вклад в определение тактики ведения пациента и могут быть включены в обязательное предоперационное обследование.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Halliday ◽  
Richard Bulbulia ◽  
Leo Bonati ◽  
Johanna Chester ◽  
Andrea Cradduck-Bamford ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Y Streifler ◽  
Anne G den Hartog ◽  
Samuel Pan ◽  
Hongchao Pan ◽  
Richard Bulbulia ◽  
...  

Background Silent brain infarcts are common in patients at increased risk of stroke and are associated with a poor prognosis. In patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, similar adverse associations were claimed, but the impact of previous infarction or symptoms on the beneficial effects of carotid endarterectomy is not clear. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of prior cerebral infarction in patients enrolled in the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial, a large trial with 10-year follow-up in which participants whose carotid stenosis had not caused symptoms for at least six months were randomly allocated either immediate or deferred carotid endarterectomy. Methods The first Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial included 3120 patients. Of these, 2333 patients with baseline brain imaging were identified and divided into two groups irrespective of treatment assignment, 1331 with evidence of previous cerebral infarction, defined as a history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack > 6 months prior to randomization or radiological evidence of an asymptomatic infarct (group 1) and 1002 with normal imaging and no prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (group 2). Stroke and vascular deaths were compared during follow-up, and the impact of carotid endarterectomy was observed in both groups. Results Baseline characteristics of patients with and without baseline brain imaging were broadly similar. Of those included in the present report, male gender and hypertension were more common in group 1, while mean ipsilateral stenosis was slightly greater in group 2. At 10 years follow-up, stroke was more common among participants with cerebral infarction before randomization (absolute risk increase 5.8% (1.8–9.8), p = 0.004), and the risk of stroke and vascular death was also higher in this group (absolute risk increase 6.9% (1.9–12.0), p = 0.007). On multivariate analysis, prior cerebral infarction was associated with a greater risk of stroke (hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.95, p = 0.002) and of stroke or other vascular death (hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.52, p = 0.001). At 10 years, greater absolute benefits from immediate carotid endarterectomy were seen in those patients with prior cerebral infarction (6.7% strokes immediate carotid endarterectomy vs. 14.7% delayed carotid endarterectomy; hazard ratio 0.47 (0.34–0.65), p = 0.003), compared to those lower risk patients without prior cerebral infarction (6.0% vs. 9.9%, respectively; hazard ratio 0.61 (0.39–0.94), p = 0.005), though it must be emphasized that the first Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial was not designed to test this retrospective and non-randomized comparison. Conclusions Asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients with prior cerebral infarction have a higher stroke risk during long-term follow-up than those without prior cerebral infarction. Evidence of prior ischemic events might help identify patients in whom carotid intervention is particularly beneficial.


1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Brennan ◽  
Christopher M. Loftus

The study of carotid artery occlusive disease interventions can be divided clinically into the treatment of asymptomatic and symptomatic diseases. Clinical trials that have studied or are currently studying asymptomatic disease include: the Carotid Artery Stenosis with Asymptomatic Narrowing Operation Versus Aspirin study; the Mayo Asymptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy trial; Veterans Administration Cooperative Trial on Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis; and the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Trials for the treatment of symptomatic disease include: the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial; the European Carotid Surgery Trial; and the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. In the earliest trials conducted to study asymptomatic disease medical therapy was slightly favored; on close scrutiny these studies were flawed and the findings appeared to be equivocal. The more scientific and appropriate trial, which was ended due to ethical concerns, revealed a clear advantage in patients who underwent surgery for greater than 60% stenosis and when the surgical center demonstrated less than 3% surgical risks. All trials studying symptomatic disease found a significant decrease in subsequent stroke when surgical intervention was performed. It is now judged that patients with greater than 50% stenosis receive significant benefit. In this paper the authors review the data from all of these studies. They also review data for special circumstances, such as critical stenosis and patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic Hollenhorst plaques. It is their opinion that these data have allowed surgeons to make much more educated decisions when considering the treatment of patients with carotid artery occlusive disease.


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