Speciation in the baboon and its relation to gamma-chain heterogeneity and to the response to induction of HbF by 5-azacytidine

Abstract In the baboon (Papio species), the two nonallelic gamma-genes produce gamma-chains that differ at a minimum at residue 75, where isoleucine (I gamma-chain) or valine (V gamma) may be present. This situation obtains in baboons that are sometimes designated as Papio anubis, Papio hamadryas, and Papio papio. However, in Papio cynocephalus, although the I gamma-chains are identical with those in the above mentioned types, the V gamma-chains have the substitutions ala----gly at residue 9 and ala----val at residue 23. The V gamma-chains of P. cynocephalus are called V gamma C to distinguish them from the V gamma A-chains of P. anubis, etc. A single cynocephalus animal has been found to have only normal I gamma-chains and I gamma C-chains (that is, glycine in residue 9, valine in 23, and isoleucine in 75). When HbF is produced in response to stress with 5-azacytidine, P. anubis baboons respond with greater production than do P. cynocephalus, and hybrids fall between. Minimal data on P. hamadryas and P. papio suggest an even lower response than P. cynocephalus. As HbF increases under stress, the ratio of I gamma to V gamma-chains changes from the value in the adult or juvenile baboon toward the ratio in the newborn baboon. However, it does not attain the newborn value. The V gamma A and V gamma C-genes respond differently to stress. In hybrids, the production of V gamma A- chains exceeds that of V gamma C-chains. A controlling factor in cis apparently is present and may be responsible for the species-related extent of total HbF production. It may be concluded that the more primitive the cell in the erythroid maturation series that has been subjected to 5-azacytidine, the more active is the I gamma-gene.

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Speciation in the baboon and its relation to gamma-chain heterogeneity and to the response to induction of HbF by 5-azacytidine

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v63.5.1088.bloodjournal6351088 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 1088-1095

Author(s):

J DeSimone ◽

WA Schroeder ◽

JB Shelton ◽

JR Shelton ◽

Z Espinueva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papio Hamadryas ◽

Papio Cynocephalus ◽

Gamma Chain ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Minimal Data ◽

Erythroid Maturation ◽

Anubis Baboons ◽

In Cis ◽

Papio Papio

In the baboon (Papio species), the two nonallelic gamma-genes produce gamma-chains that differ at a minimum at residue 75, where isoleucine (I gamma-chain) or valine (V gamma) may be present. This situation obtains in baboons that are sometimes designated as Papio anubis, Papio hamadryas, and Papio papio. However, in Papio cynocephalus, although the I gamma-chains are identical with those in the above mentioned types, the V gamma-chains have the substitutions ala----gly at residue 9 and ala----val at residue 23. The V gamma-chains of P. cynocephalus are called V gamma C to distinguish them from the V gamma A-chains of P. anubis, etc. A single cynocephalus animal has been found to have only normal I gamma-chains and I gamma C-chains (that is, glycine in residue 9, valine in 23, and isoleucine in 75). When HbF is produced in response to stress with 5-azacytidine, P. anubis baboons respond with greater production than do P. cynocephalus, and hybrids fall between. Minimal data on P. hamadryas and P. papio suggest an even lower response than P. cynocephalus. As HbF increases under stress, the ratio of I gamma to V gamma-chains changes from the value in the adult or juvenile baboon toward the ratio in the newborn baboon. However, it does not attain the newborn value. The V gamma A and V gamma C-genes respond differently to stress. In hybrids, the production of V gamma A- chains exceeds that of V gamma C-chains. A controlling factor in cis apparently is present and may be responsible for the species-related extent of total HbF production. It may be concluded that the more primitive the cell in the erythroid maturation series that has been subjected to 5-azacytidine, the more active is the I gamma-gene.

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Changes in the gamma chain heterogeneity of hemoglobin F of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) postnatally and after partial switching to hemoglobin F production by various stimuli.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32839-4 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 258 (5) ◽

pp. 3121-3125

Author(s):

W A Schroeder ◽

J DeSimone ◽

J B Shelton ◽

J R Shelton ◽

Z Espinueva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papio Cynocephalus ◽

Gamma Chain ◽

Hemoglobin F

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Two newly observed cases of fish-eating in anubis baboons

Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science ◽

10.5178/lebs.2016.41 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akiko Matsumoto-Oda ◽

Anthony D. Collins

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Young Female ◽

Research Centre ◽

Adult Males ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Gombe National Park ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Anubis Baboons

Most non-human primates are omnivorous and eat a wide variety of food types like as fruit, leaves, seeds, insects, gums or a mixture of these items. In spite of frequent eating of fish in human, there are few species to eat fishes in non-human primates. Observations of fish-eating in wild primates bring us an important cue for the question why humans have evolved appetite for fish. Here we report two new fish-eating cases observed in anubis baboons (Papio anubis) at the Mpala Research Centre, Kenya and the Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Both cases were observed in dry seasons, and two adult males and a young female ate recently dead or dying fishes in each case. In these two cases, the opportunity of fish-eating occurred by chance and it will be difficult for them to eat fishes ordinarily.

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Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in baboons, Papio cynocephalus. Analysis of fetal and adult hemoglobin synthesis during fetal development

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v53.1.19.19 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J De Simone ◽

AL Mueller

Keyword(s):

Fetal Development ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin ◽

Papio Cynocephalus ◽

Beta Chain ◽

Gamma Chain ◽

Alpha Chain ◽

Adult Hemoglobin ◽

Low Levels ◽

Chain Synthesis ◽

Globin Chain Synthesis

Abstract Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and adult hemoglobin (HbA) synthesis was studied in fetal baboons, Papio cynocephalus, to determine the normal pattern of hemoglobin production during fetal development. Fetuses ranging from 53 to 180 days gestation (term gestation 184 days) were used. Erythroid cells were incubated with 3H-L-leucine, and the rates of globin chain synthesis and the distribution of radioactivity into hemoglobin intermediates and completed hemoglobin molecules were determined. Gamma chain synthesis accounted for approximately 97% of the total nonalpha chain synthesis up to 140 days gestation; beta chain synthesis accounted for the remainder. After 140 days gestation, approximately equal quantities of gamma and beta chain were synthesized in the bone marrow. Prior to 140 days gestation, total alpha chain synthesis was 30% greater than total non-alpha chain synthesis, while there was balanced chain synthesis after 140 days gestation. During the period of excess alpha chain synthesis, fetal erythrocytes contained a large pool of alpha-hemoglobin (alpha chain with heme attached) molecules uncombined with beta or gamma chains. In view of the possibility that alpha chains may have a lower affinity for gamma chains than beta chains, excess alpha chain synthesis may be required to maintain low levels of free gamma chains.

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Demonstration of GABA immunoreactive cells in the inferior olive of baboons (Papio papio and Papio anubis)

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/0304-3940(89)90522-3 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Fred Walberg ◽

Ole P. Ottersen

Keyword(s):

Inferior Olive ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Papio Papio

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Markers of hepatitis E among the population of the Greater Sochi and in monkeys of the Adler primate center

Voprosy Virusologii ◽

10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-4-176-180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 176-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. I. Korzaia ◽

V. V. Keburia ◽

D. I. Dogadov ◽

B. A. Lapin ◽

K. K. Kyuregyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Papio Hamadryas ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques ◽

Clinic Hospital

Serum from humans (n = 646) and monkeys (n = 1867) collected during the period 1999-2013 was tested by enzyme immunoassay. Anti-HEV IgG was detected significantly more frequently (P ≥ 0.001) in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) - 45.1 ± 1.6% (n = 1001) than in cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis) 16.2 ± 1.8% (n = 426). Single seropositive individuals were found among M. nemestrina - 4.0±2.8% (n = 50). Anti-HEV was not detected in the sera of green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) - n = 162, Papio hamadryas (n = 124), and Papio anubis - n = 104. The presence of the anti-HEV IgM indicating the cases of fresh infection in Macaca mulatta - 2.1 ± 0.5% (n = 717) and M. fascicularis - 3.5 ± 1.3% (n = 266) is of great significance. The overall frequency of detection of the anti-HEV IgG among the staff of the Adler Primate Center - 6.8 ± 2.3% (n = 118) was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than among the population of the Greater Sochi - 15.9% ± 1.6 (n = 528). It is important that only in patients of medical institutions (clinic, hospital, cancer center), anti-HEV IgM were detected (2.7-11.8%) along with anti-HEV IgG (15-23.5%), thereby indicating the presence of acute cases of HEV infection among this population. HEV RNA was not detected in the serum of anti-HEV IgM-positive people and monkeys. Seroepidemiological data do not confirm the assumption on the ability of seropositive monkeys of Macaca genus to be a natural reservoir of HEV infection for humans.

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Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in baboons, Papio cynocephalus. Analysis of fetal and adult hemoglobin synthesis during fetal development

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v53.1.19.bloodjournal53119 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

J De Simone ◽

AL Mueller

Keyword(s):

Fetal Development ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin ◽

Papio Cynocephalus ◽

Beta Chain ◽

Gamma Chain ◽

Alpha Chain ◽

Adult Hemoglobin ◽

Low Levels ◽

Chain Synthesis ◽

Globin Chain Synthesis

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and adult hemoglobin (HbA) synthesis was studied in fetal baboons, Papio cynocephalus, to determine the normal pattern of hemoglobin production during fetal development. Fetuses ranging from 53 to 180 days gestation (term gestation 184 days) were used. Erythroid cells were incubated with 3H-L-leucine, and the rates of globin chain synthesis and the distribution of radioactivity into hemoglobin intermediates and completed hemoglobin molecules were determined. Gamma chain synthesis accounted for approximately 97% of the total nonalpha chain synthesis up to 140 days gestation; beta chain synthesis accounted for the remainder. After 140 days gestation, approximately equal quantities of gamma and beta chain were synthesized in the bone marrow. Prior to 140 days gestation, total alpha chain synthesis was 30% greater than total non-alpha chain synthesis, while there was balanced chain synthesis after 140 days gestation. During the period of excess alpha chain synthesis, fetal erythrocytes contained a large pool of alpha-hemoglobin (alpha chain with heme attached) molecules uncombined with beta or gamma chains. In view of the possibility that alpha chains may have a lower affinity for gamma chains than beta chains, excess alpha chain synthesis may be required to maintain low levels of free gamma chains.

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