scholarly journals Two newly observed cases of fish-eating in anubis baboons

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Matsumoto-Oda ◽  
Anthony D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Gombe National Park ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Anubis Baboons

Most non-human primates are omnivorous and eat a wide variety of food types like as fruit, leaves, seeds, insects, gums or a mixture of these items. In spite of frequent eating of fish in human, there are few species to eat fishes in non-human primates. Observations of fish-eating in wild primates bring us an important cue for the question why humans have evolved appetite for fish. Here we report two new fish-eating cases observed in anubis baboons (Papio anubis) at the Mpala Research Centre, Kenya and the Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Both cases were observed in dry seasons, and two adult males and a young female ate recently dead or dying fishes in each case. In these two cases, the opportunity of fish-eating occurred by chance and it will be difficult for them to eat fishes ordinarily.

scholarly journals Complete mitochondrial genome of an olive baboon (Papio anubis) from Gombe National Park, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Roos ◽  
Idrissa S. Chuma ◽  
D. Anthony Collins ◽  
Sascha Knauf ◽  
Dietmar Zinner
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
National Park ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Gombe National Park ◽  
Olive Baboon

scholarly journals Population Status and Habitat Association of Swayne’s Hartebeest (Alcelaphus Buselaphus Swaynei (Sclater, 1892)) in Maze National Park, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Tolcha ◽  
Simon Shibru ◽  
Belayneh Ayechew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

We investigated the population status and habitat association of the endemic Swayne’s Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei (Sclater, 1892)) in the Maze National Park, Southern Ethiopia, in 2018 and 2019. Sample count method line-transect was used for the population estimation, while habitat association was made based on the abundance of individuals counted in each habitat. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparisons with χ2 test. The total estimated populations of Swayne’s Hartebeest (SHB) in the study period were 1456 and 1492 during wet and dry seasons, respectively showing no seasonal variation. Among the total estimated population, 31% were adult males, 38.46% adult females, 13.97% sub adult males, 15.94% sub adult females and 1.07% young. The number of adult females was higher than the other age groups followed by adult males in both seasons. Significant differences were reported  among age and sex structure of population size during both seasons (wet season: χ2= 58.423, df =3, P < 0.05; dry season: χ2=534.079, df= 4, P < 0.05). The maximum group size was 36 and the minimum was 1. The ratio of adult males to adult females was 1:1.24 and 1:1.24, sub-adult males to sub adult females was 1:1.16 and 1:1.12, adult males to sub-adult males was 1:0.36 and 1:0.56, adult females to sub-adult females was 1:0.33 and 1:0.49 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The male to female ratio was 1:1.22 and 1:1.19 during wet and dry seasons as well. The population trend among ten years were significantly differed (χ 2 = 1.708, df= 9, P< 0.05). The SHB was distributed into three types of habitat (riverine forest, open grassland and scattered tree) with significant differences (χ2=1109.937, df = 3, P < 0.05). The savannah grass land was most preferable habitat followed by scattered tree habitat. Maintaining its critical habitat was highly recommended for sustainability of current population status.

scholarly journals Chimpanzees breed with genetically dissimilar mates

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 160422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara K. Walker ◽  
Rebecca S. Rudicell ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
Beatrice H. Hahn ◽  
Emily Wroblewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
National Park ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Gombe National Park ◽  
Female Dispersal ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Close Inbreeding

Inbreeding adversely affects fitness, whereas heterozygosity often augments it. Therefore, mechanisms to avoid inbreeding and increase genetic distance between mates should be advantageous in species where adult relatives reside together. Here we investigate mate choice for genetic dissimilarity in chimpanzees, a species in which many females avoid inbreeding through dispersal, but where promiscuous mating and sexual coercion can limit choice when related adults reside together. We take advantage of incomplete female dispersal in Gombe National Park, Tanzania to compare mate choice for genetic dissimilarity among immigrant and natal females in two communities using pairwise relatedness measures in 135 genotyped chimpanzees. As expected, natal females were more related to adult males in their community than were immigrant females. However, among 62 breeding events, natal females were not more related to the sires of their offspring than immigrant females, despite four instances of close inbreeding. Moreover, females were generally less related to the sires of their offspring than to non-sires. These results demonstrate that chimpanzees may be capable of detecting relatedness and selecting mates on the basis of genetic distance.

Noninvasive Tuberculosis Screening in Free-Living Primate Populations in Gombe National Park, Tanzania

EcoHealth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Wolf ◽  
Srinand Sreevatsan ◽  
Randall S. Singer ◽  
Iddi Lipende ◽  
Anthony Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Gombe National Park

Competition for Meat between Chimpanzees and Baboons of the Gombe National Park

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Morris ◽  
Jane Goodall
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Gombe National Park

scholarly journals Chimpanzee pant-hoots encode information about individual but not group differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisarg P. Desai ◽  
Pawel Fedurek ◽  
Katie E. Slocombe ◽  
Michael L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Gombe National Park ◽  
Pant Hoot ◽  
Community Variation ◽  
Acoustic Variation

AbstractVocal learning, the ability to voluntarily modify the acoustic structure of vocalizations based on social cues, is a fundamental feature of speech in humans (Homo sapiens). While vocal learning is common in taxa such as songbirds and whales, the vocal learning capacities of nonhuman primates appear more limited. Intriguingly, evidence for vocal learning has been reported in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), for example in the form of regional variation (‘dialects’) in the ‘pant-hoot’ calls. This suggests that some capacity for vocal learning may be an ancient feature of the Pan-Homo clade. Nonetheless, reported differences have been subtle, with inter-community variation representing only a small portion of the total acoustic variation. To gain further insights into the extent of regional variation in chimpanzee vocalizations, we performed an analysis of pant-hoots from chimpanzees in the neighboring Kasekela and Mitumba communities at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, and the geographically distant Kanyawara community at Kibale National Park, Uganda. We observed group differences only among the geographically isolated communities and did not find any differences between the neighboring communities at Gombe. Furthermore, we found differences among individuals in all communities. Hence, the variation in chimpanzee pant-hoots reflected individual differences, rather than group differences. The limited evidences for vocal learning in Pan suggest that extensive vocal learning emerged in the human lineage after the divergence from Pan.

scholarly journals Seasonal activity pattern of Swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) in Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleem Ahmed ◽  
Jamal A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
National Park ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
Swamp Deer

The data on activity pattern and time budget of Swamp deer (Rucervus duvauceli duvauceli) were collected through instantaneous scan sampling from Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India Diurnal activity pattern of Swamp deer showed marked reduction in resting in winter as compared to summer. In winter resting in adult males showed polymodal pattern with peaks occurring at different hours of the day and continued throughout the day without any break. Feeding of adult females in winter and summer seasons showed a polymodal pattern with peaks occurring at different hours of the day without break. In yearling males feeding and resting was observed to occur throughout the day during winter season with peaks occurring between 11:00 to 12:00 hours. Yearling females showed continuous feeding throughout the day with peaks in different times in both the seasons. The seasonal distribution of activity patterns of the fawns showed that feeding was slightly more in summer as compared to winter. In time budget, of the expenditure on different activities, resting accounted for 63.77% and feeding 24.70%. In both the seasons resting was the major portion of their activity. Analysis showed that in all age and sex categories of Swamp deer in the Dudhwa NP, resting dominated on all other activities. The observation on endangered Swamp deer indicates synchronization in activity only in the feeding in the morning and evening hours and resting throughout the day.

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