Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis amastigote extracts differ in their enhancement effect on Leishmania infection when injected intradermally

SUMMARYLeishmaniasis is a complex of zoonotic diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which can develop in domestic as well as wild animals and humans throughout the world. Currently, this disease is spreading in rural and urban areas of non-endemic regions in Brazil. Recently, bats have gained epidemiological significance in leishmaniasis due to its close relationship with human settlements. In this study, we investigated the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in blood samples from 448 bats belonging to four families representing 20 species that were captured in the Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba areas of Minas Gerais State (non-endemic areas for leishmaniasis), Brazil. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in 8·0% of the blood samples, 41·6% of which were Leishmania infantum, 38·9% Leishmania amazonensis and 19·4% Leishmania braziliensis. No positive correlation was found between Leishmania spp. and bat food source. The species with more infection rates were the insectivorous bats Eumops perotis; 22·2% (4/18) of which tested positive for Leishmania DNA. The presence of Leishmania in the bat blood samples, as observed in this study, represents epidemiological importance due to the absence of Leishmaniasis cases in the region.

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Antileishmanial activity of 4-phenyl-1-[2-(phthalimido-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole (PT4) derivative on Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis: In silico ADMET, in vitro activity, docking and molecular dynamic simulations

Bioorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 104437

Author(s):

Vanderlan Nogueira Holanda ◽

Welson Vicente da Silva ◽

Pedro Henrique do Nascimento ◽

Sérgio Ruschi Bergamachi Silva ◽

Paulo Euzébio Cabral Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamic ◽

In Silico ◽

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Vitro Activity ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Molecular Dynamic Simulations ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Dynamic Simulations ◽

In Silico Admet

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Serological reactivity of different antigenic preparations of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and the Leishmania braziliensis complex

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822008000200001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Adriano Gomes-Silva ◽

Maria Aparecida Souza ◽

Sandra Regina Afonso-Cardoso ◽

Lívia Resende Andrade ◽

Reynaldo Dietze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Affinity Chromatography ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Concanavalin A ◽

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Elisa Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Sensitivity Range ◽

Serological Reactivity

Total antigen from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and isolates from the Leishmania braziliensis complex, along with their respective antigenic fractions obtained by affinity chromatography on concanavalin-A-Sepharose and jacalin-agarose columns evaluated using immunoenzymatic ELISA assay. For this, serum samples from 229 patients were used, grouped as American tegmental leishmaniasis (nº=58), visceral leishmaniasis (nº=28), Chagas disease (nº=49), malaria (nº=32), tuberculosis (nº=13) and healthy volunteers (nº=49). Samples from American tegmentary leishmaniasis showed higher reactivity with antigens isolated from the Leishmania braziliensis complex than with antigens from Leishmania amazonensis (p<0.001). ELISA assays showed a sensitivity range from 60% to 95% with antigens isolated from the Leishmania braziliensis complex. There was marked nonspecific reactivity among serum samples with the use of antigenic fractions binding with concanavalin-A and jacalin from both Leishmania complexes, in comparison with other antigens (p<0.001). The results presented in this study suggest that the use of homologous antigens increases the efficiency of anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin detection, which may be very valuable for diagnostic purposes.

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Innate Resistance to Leishmania amazonensis Infection in Rat Is Dependent on NOS2

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.733286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yun-Fu Chen ◽

Si-Fei Yu ◽

Chang-You Wu ◽

Na Wu ◽

Jia Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Major ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Inbred Mouse ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Parasite Load ◽

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Leishmania Infection ◽

Mouse Strains ◽

Innate Resistance ◽

Key Factor

Leishmania infection causes diverse clinical manifestations in humans. The disease outcome is complicated by the combination of many host and parasite factors. Inbred mouse strains vary in resistance to Leishmania major but are highly susceptible to Leishmania amazonensis infection. However, rats are highly resistant to L. amazonensis infection due to unknown mechanisms. We use the inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) gene knockout rat model (Nos2−/− rat) to investigate the role of NOS2 against leishmania infection in rats. Our results demonstrated that diversion toward the NOS2 pathway is the key factor explaining the resistance of rats against L. amazonensis infection. Rats deficient in NOS2 are susceptible to L. amazonensis infection even though their immune response to infection is still strong. Moreover, adoptive transfer of NOS2 competent macrophages into Nos2−/− rats significantly reduced disease development and parasite load. Thus, we conclude that the distinct L-arginine metabolism, observed in rat macrophages, is the basis of the strong innate resistance to Leishmania. These data highlight that macrophages from different hosts possess distinctive properties and produce different outcomes in innate immunity to Leishmania infections.

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Active sesquiterpene lactones against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2015.1126260 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (22) ◽

pp. 2611-2615 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Andrea M. Sosa ◽

Susana Amaya ◽

Efrain Salamanca Capusiri ◽

Miguel Gilabert ◽

Alicia Bardón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis

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Antigenic extracts of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis associated with saponin partially protects BALB/c mice against Leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing IL-10 and IL-4 production

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02762010000600015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 105 (6) ◽

pp. 818-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rafaella FQ Grenfell ◽

Eduardo A Marques-da-Silva ◽

Miriam C Souza-Testasicca ◽

Eduardo AF Coelho ◽

Ana Paula Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Leishmania Chagasi

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In vitro effect of Bothrops leucurus lectin (BLL) against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis infection

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.064 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 431-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mary Ângela Aranda-Souza ◽

Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena ◽

Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia ◽

Regina Célia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Vitro Effect

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Anti-leishmanial Activity of Justicidone and its Synthetic Precursors

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0700200212 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X0700200

Author(s):

Carlos José Boluda ◽

José Piñero ◽

Marialina Romero ◽

María Gabriela Cabrera-Serra ◽

Basilio Valladares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Parasite Strains

Justicidone, a C-5, C-8 dioxo-lignan of the arylnaphthalene type isolated from Justicia hyssopifolia, and its synthetic precursors were tested for the activity against Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes in vitro. Justicidone showed activity against L. braziliensis with an IC50 of 181.90 μM, while, the diasteromeric mixture of one of its synthetic precursors exhibited activity against both parasite strains with an IC50 of 99.27 μM (L. braziliensis) and 181.75 μM (L. amazonensis). This activity has not previously been reported for dibenzylbutyrolactones and dioxo-lignans.

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