scholarly journals Viral transmission risk factors in an Egyptian population with high hepatitis C prevalence

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kate Mohlman ◽  
Doa’a A. Saleh ◽  
Sameera Ezzat ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Brent Korba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Egyptian Population

scholarly journals Household SARS-CoV-2 transmission and children: a network prospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Soriano-Arandes ◽  
Anna Gatell ◽  
Pepe Serrano ◽  
Mireia Biosca ◽  
Ferran Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
School Interventions ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Household Members ◽  
School Period ◽  
Index Cases

Abstract Background The role of children in household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains uncertain. Here, we describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19 in Catalonia (Spain) and investigate the dynamics of household transmission. Methods Prospective, observational, multicenter study performed during summer and school periods (1 July-31 October, 2020), in which epidemiological and clinical features, and viral transmission dynamics were analyzed in COVID-19 patients <16 years. A pediatric index case was established when a child was the first individual infected within a household. Secondary cases were defined when another household member tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 before the child. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was calculated, and logistic regression was used to assess associations between transmission risk factors and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Results The study included 1040 COVID-19 patients <16 years. Almost half (47.2%) were asymptomatic, 10.8% had comorbidities, and 2.6% required hospitalization. No deaths were reported. Viral transmission was common among household members (62.3%). More than 70% (756/1040) of pediatric cases were secondary to an adult, whereas 7.7% (80/1040) were index cases. The SAR was significantly lower in households with COVID-19 pediatric index cases during the school period relative to summer (p=0.02), and when compared to adults (p=0.006). No individual or environmental risk factors associated with the SAR were identified. Conclusions Children are unlikely to cause household COVID-19 clusters or be major drivers of the pandemic even if attending school. Interventions aimed at children are expected to have a small impact on reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

scholarly journals Detection, quantification and genotype distribution of HCV patients in Lahore, Pakistan by real-time PCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1143-1152
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Khan ◽  
Haleema Sadia ◽  
Asma Irshad ◽  
Atif Amin Baig ◽  
Sana Ashiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Hcv Transmission

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered as “Viral Time Bomb” suggested by the World Health Organization and if it is not treated timely, it will lead towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objective: The purpose of the present research is to study possible risk factors, frequent genotypes of HCV and its asso- ciation with different age groups. Methods: Suspected blood samples from HCV patients were collected from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Out of 1000 HCV suspected samples, 920 samples were found HCV positive detected by Anti-HCV ELISA, CobasR. kit. The quantification of HCV load was determined by HCV quantification kit and LINEAR ARRAY KIT (Roche) was used for genotype determination by Real-Time PCR (ABI). Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results: Out of 920 subjects, 77 subjects (8.4%) were false positive and they were not detected by nested PCR. Three PCR positive samples were untypeable. Genotype 3 was predominant in Lahore which was 83.5%, whereas type 1 and 2 were 5.1% and 0.7% respectively. There were also mixed genotypes detected, 1 and 3 were 0.4%, 2 and 3 were 1.41% and 3 and 4 were 0.2% only. Male were more infected of HCV in the age <40 years and females >40years. Conclusion: The major risk factor for HCV transmission is by use of unsterilized razors/blades. It is necessary to spread awareness among the general population of Pakistan about HCV transmission risk factors. Regular physical examination at least once a year is recommended, so that early detection of HCV could be done. Keywords: Hepatitis C virus; hepatocellular carcinoma; quantification; genotype; real-time PCR.

Viral Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, ­Pathogenesis, Transmission, And ­Natural History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Chung ◽  
Anna Lidofsky ◽  
Jacinta A Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
End Stage

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant global health issue, with more than 71 million infected worldwide and accounting for over 720,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. It can be associated with significant liver-related morbidity and mortality owing to complications from cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The aging HCV population, together with changing patterns of drug use, has seen an increase in these complications of HCV and an increase in the number of acute HCV infections. Screening and managing complications of chronic hepatitis C are an important consideration. The changing epidemiology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, natural history (including complications) and patient evaluation and education are discussed. This review contains 4 figures, 2 tables, and 70 references Key words: epidemiology, hepatitis C virus, transmission, risk factors, natural history, patient education, evaluation  

Viral Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, ­Pathogenesis, Transmission, And ­Natural History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Chung ◽  
Anna Lidofsky ◽  
Jacinta A Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
End Stage

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant global health issue, with more than 71 million infected worldwide and accounting for over 720,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. It can be associated with significant liver-related morbidity and mortality owing to complications from cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The aging HCV population, together with changing patterns of drug use, has seen an increase in these complications of HCV and an increase in the number of acute HCV infections. Screening and managing complications of chronic hepatitis C are an important consideration. The changing epidemiology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, natural history (including complications) and patient evaluation and education are discussed. This review contains 4 figures, 2 tables, and 70 references Key words: epidemiology, hepatitis C virus, transmission, risk factors, natural history, patient education, evaluation  

Current Status of Transmission Risk Factors and Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus, In Punjabi Population of Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mujtaba ◽  
Shah Jahan ◽  
Saba Khaliq ◽  
Nasir Mahmood ◽  
Fouzia Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Current Status

Prevalence of Common Types of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and the Relation between Age, Sex and Transmission Risk Factors in Kerman, Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Zahedi ◽  
Sodeif Darvish Moghadam ◽  
Mehdi Hayatbakhsh ◽  
SAM M Arabzadeh ◽  
Vajiheh Yazdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes

Viral Hepatitis C: Epidemiology, ­Pathogenesis, Transmission, And ­Natural History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Chung ◽  
Anna Lidofsky ◽  
Jacinta A Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
End Stage

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant global health issue, with more than 71 million infected worldwide and accounting for over 720,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. It can be associated with significant liver-related morbidity and mortality owing to complications from cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The aging HCV population, together with changing patterns of drug use, has seen an increase in these complications of HCV and an increase in the number of acute HCV infections. Screening and managing complications of chronic hepatitis C are an important consideration. The changing epidemiology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, natural history (including complications) and patient evaluation and education are discussed. This review contains 4 figures, 2 tables, and 70 references Key words: epidemiology, hepatitis C virus, transmission, risk factors, natural history, patient education, evaluation  

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus genotypes distribution and transmission risk factors in Luxembourg from 1991 to 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Roman ◽  
Karin Hawotte ◽  
Daniel Struck ◽  
Anne-Marie Ternes ◽  
Jean-Yves Servais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes
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