Wild edible plants in Yeşilli (Mardin-Turkey), a multicultural area

Abstract Background The Yeşilli district (Mardin) is located in the southeastern of Turkey and hosts different cultures. The objective of this study was to record the traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used by indigenous people in Yeşilli, where no ethnobotanical studies have been conducted previously. Methods An ethnobotanical study was carried out in Yeşilli district in March 2017–March 2019 to document the traditional knowledge of wild edible plants. The data were collected by interviewing 62 informants. Additionally, the data were analysed based on the cultural importance index (CI) and factor informant consensus (FİC) to determine the cultural significance of wild edible plants and knowledge of wild edible plants among the informants. Results We documented 74 wild edible taxa belonging to 31 families and 57 genera in the present study. The richness of the wild edible taxa was highest for vegetables (46 taxa), followed by medicinal plants (17 taxa) and fruit (14 taxa). The most important families were Asteraceae (ten taxa), Rosaceae (seven taxa) and Fabaceae (six taxa). The most culturally important taxa (based on the CI index) were Ficus carica subsp. carica, Lepidium draba, Anchusa strigosa, Rhus coriaria, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Sinapis alba, Gundelia tournefortii, Notobasis syriaca, Onopordum carduchorum, Malva neglecta, Mentha longifolia, Juglans regia and Urtica dioica. The maximum number of use reports was recorded for vegetables (1011). The factor informant consensus index (Fic) varied between 0.95 and 0.98 for preserved vegetables, beverages and spices and processed fruits have the highest Fic (0.99). We reported for the first time the ethnobotanical usage of 12 taxa as food. We also recorded the use of Allium wendelboanum, an endemic species in the study area. Conclusion The obtained data were compared with data from other wild edible and ethnobotanical studies conducted in Turkey and particularly those conducted in eastern Turkey. Furthermore, the data were compared with data from studies conducted in the bordering countries of Iraq and Armenia. The present study reflects the cultural diversity of the region, and it is necessary to conduct more studies since it is thought that this diversity will contribute to the economy. This study will enable the traditional use of wild plants as food sources to be passed on to future generations.

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Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants in Hasankeyf (Batman Province, Turkey)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.3633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yeter Yeşil ◽

İlyas İnal

Keyword(s):

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Cultural Significance ◽

Rural Settlements ◽

Daily Lives ◽

The Town

Hasankeyf is an ancient city located on the shores of the Tigris River in Batman Province, southeast Turkey. The town and some of its surrounding villages will be soon submerged, due to the construction of Ilısu Dam, which will force the residents to move to new settlements. The aim of the present study was to collect and record the traditional knowledge regarding the indigenous wild plants that will be submerged by this flooding. The study was carried out between March 2017 and April 2019. Interviews were conducted with 72 women and 53 men in the town center and 22 rural settlements, with a focus on the five villages that are due to be submerged. Information about a total of 86 wild edible plants belonging to 32 families was recorded. Interviewees reported that these were used as green vegetables (45 taxa), ripe fruits and seeds (25 taxa), seasoning and preservatives (16 taxa), beverages (nine taxa), and children’s snacks (seven taxa). In addition, the data were analyzed on the basis of the cultural importance index to determine the cultural significance of these wild edible plants and the informants’ knowledge about them. Culturally, the most significant species included Mentha longifolia, Polygonum cognatum, Rosa canina, Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Malva neglecta. In addition, the data were compared with relevant data in the ethnobotanical literature of Turkey and its neighboring countries. Several uses mentioned here are documented here for the first time. Our research highlights the importance of wild edible plants in the daily lives of inhabitants and their potential for economic use. The present study also provides information for future archaeobotanical studies in this region.

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Wild Edible Plants Traditionally Collected and Used in Southern Yemen

10.21203/rs.3.rs-310321/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Ali Al-Fatimi

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Cultural Tradition ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Face To Face ◽

Other World

Abstract Background: The local wild edible plants (WFPs) are still used traditionally in the rural communities in Yemen but this traditional knowledge is still undocumented and has been never reported before. Therefore, this study is the first ethnobotanical survey on WFPs conducted in Yemen.Methods: This study is based on two field surveys made between 1988 and1992 and between 2014 and 2016 to document the wild plants used as edible by local indigenous peoples in 15 districts belongs to six governorates, in southern Yemen. Information data were collected by oral face-to-face interviews from 250 informants. Percentage of citation were calculate for each species.Results: A total of 58 plant species belong to 37 genera and 21 families are reported as wild edible plants consumed in southern Yemen. Apocynaceae was the dominant plant family with 18 species followed by Asteraceae (6), and Malvaceae (5). The most widely used edible parts are stem, leaf and fruit with more than 17 species for each. Herbs were reported as the most important sources (31 species), followed by shrubs (16) and trees (9). Most of reported wild edibles (48 species parts) are consumed in raw form; only 12 of them are cooked. Seven wild edible plants were collected in dry season, 16 species throughout the year, and 38 in rainy season. In this study, 58 wild plants were reported for the first time as food in Yemen. Comparing the southern Yemeni findings to those from other world countries, 12 of them are eaten only in southern Yemen, while 46 are consumed in different world countries practically in East Africa. Conclusions: The results data reflects the strong relationship between the local peoples and the wild plants and the valuable knowledge of the uses of wild species as potential sources for traditional food. The use of these wild plants is attributed to food shortage, nutritional values, and local cultural tradition. This study preserves the oral traditional knowledge of the local wild plants used as food and/or nutraceutical sources for human in the future instead their losing at risk of time, immigration and wars.

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Identification and frequency of consumption of wild edible plants over a year in central Tunisia: a mixed-methods approach

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 782-794

Author(s):

Marie Claude Dop ◽

Fayçal Kefi ◽

Olfa Karous ◽

Eric O Verger ◽

Asma Bahrini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Tunisian Population ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Median Frequency ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Key Informants ◽

Central Tunisia

AbstractObjective:To identify wild plants used as food and assess their frequency of consumption over a year in a region of Tunisia where agriculture is undergoing a major transformation from smallholder farming to an intensive high-input agricultural system.Design:Qualitative ethnobotanical study followed by a survey of women’s frequency of consumption of wild plants conducted using FFQ at quarterly intervals.Setting:Sidi Bouzid governorate of central Tunisia.Participants:Mixed-gender group of key informants (n 14) and focus group participants (n 43). Survey sample of women aged 20–49 years, representative at governorate level (n 584).Results:Ethnobotanical study: thirty folk species of wild edible plants corresponding to thirty-five taxa were identified by key informants, while twenty folk species (twenty-five taxa) were described by focus groups as commonly eaten. Population-based survey: 98 % of women had consumed a wild plant over the year, with a median frequency of 2 d/month. Wild and semi-domesticated fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Anethum graveolens) was the most frequently consumed folk species. Women in the upper tertile of wild plant consumption frequency were more likely to be in their 30s, to live in an urban area, to have non-monetary access to foods from their extended family and to belong to wealthier households.Conclusions:In this population, wild edible plants, predominantly leafy vegetables, are appreciated but consumed infrequently. Their favourable perception, however, offers an opportunity for promoting their consumption which could play a role in providing healthy diets and mitigating the obesity epidemic that is affecting the Tunisian population.

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Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants used by Meinit Ethnic Community at Bench-Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-907812/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abebe Yimer ◽

Sirawdink Fikereyesus Forsido ◽

Getachew Addis ◽

Abebe Ayelgn

Keyword(s):

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Preference Ranking ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Income Generation ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Dietary Shift

Abstract Background Meinit sociocultural community have a long tradition of using wild edible plants (WEPs) for food, spice, medicine and income generation. These locally collected wild edibles are consumed during food scarcity and as supplement to staple food. WEPs also provide cheaper source of dietary energy, vitamins and micronutrients for rural subsistence farmers. However, the utilization and management of WEPs have been declining due to dietary shift, climatic and anthropogenic factors. Despite the rich botanical diversity and ample traditional knowledge on the use of WEPs by the Meinit sociocultural community, the ethnobotanical documentation of WEPs is very scant. Therefore, the study aimed to record an ethnobotanical investigation of WEPs used by the Meinit sociocultural community. Methods Focused group discussion(FGD), key informants’(KI) interview using semi-structured interview questions, guided field walk, preference ranking and pairwise comparisons were applied during ethnobotanical study of WEPs. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses. Results A total of 66 WEPs species from 34 families were recorded. Asteraceae (seven species) contributed to the highest number of species followed by Fabaceae (six species), Amaranthaceae and Moraceae (five species each); among which 28 species were herbs ,14 were shrubs, 13 were climbers and 11 were trees. The WEPs are gathered from farm, fallow land, woodland, grassland and forest. The WEPs were consumed as raw, boiled, stewed, baked and local beverage. Boiling was frequently used in traditional cooking practice for leafy vegetables, roots and tubers. Soup or local dish prepared from wild edible vegetables and accompanied with porridge or flatten bread is relished by the community. Conclusion The study districts have rich resource of WEPs and untapped traditional knowledge associated with the use of these plants for food, medicine and income generation. However, the availability of the WEPs and their traditional knowledge have been declining from time to time.

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Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yilin Cao ◽

ren li ◽

Shishun Zhou ◽

Liang Song ◽

Ruichang Quan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Boundary Region ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Young Generation ◽

Use Value ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Species List

Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. However, little study has uncovered the mystical veil of this unique and attractive culture to the world. Methods: We conducted Ethnobotanical survey in 20 villages of Jiangcheng County from 2016 to 2020. Altogether 109 local Dai, Hani, and Yao people were interviewed, and their traditional knowledge about wild edible plants was recorded. Voucher specimens were identified by the authors and deposited in the herbarium of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HITBC). The use value was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the consume frequency and relative importance of the wild edible plants. The Jaccard index was calculated to assess the usage similarity of different areas. The relationship of age and recognized wild edible plants by different ethnic people was performed by R. Results: A total of 211 wild edible plants, belonging to 71 families and 151 genera, were recorded. These plants were consumed as wild edible vegetables, seasonal fruits, salads, spices, sour condiments, tonic soups, tea substitutes, liquor brewing, or dyeing materials. The use value, current cultivation, market availability, as well as the quantitative traditional knowledge inheritance situation of these wild edible plants among different generations were analyzed. Based on the data from threatened species list of China’s higher plants and the IUCN Red List, the food plant list for Asia Elephant, the Subject Database of China Plant and the calculated UV score, the top 30 most important wild edible plants were selected for further cultivation in some local villages. Conclusion: Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants, owned by Dai, Hani, and Yao people in Jiangcheng County, is rich but at risk of being lost among the young generation. Diversified cultivation of wild edible plants by the local communities could be a solution for sustainable use of natural resources and to conserve the endangered species in this trans-boundary region.

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Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yilin Cao ◽

Ren Li ◽

Shishun Zhou ◽

Liang Song ◽

Ruichang Quan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Boundary Region ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Young Generation ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Species List

Abstract Background: Dai, Hani and Yao people in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during the long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. However, little study has uncovered the mystical veil of this unique and attractive culture. Methods: Ethnobotanical fieldwork, market and village survey have been conducted in 20 villages of Jiangcheng County during the period from 2016 to 2019. Altogether 109 local Dai, Hani and Yao people were interviewed, and their traditional knowledge of wild edible plants was recorded. Voucher specimens were identified by the authors and deposited in the herbarium of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HITBC). The statistical analysis was performed using R Studio software. Results: 211 wild edible plants, belonging to 73 families and 152 genera, were recorded. These plants were consumed as wild edible vegetables, seasonal fruits, salads, spices, sour condiments, tonic soups, tea substitutes, liquor brewing or dyeing materials. The use value (UV), current cultivation, market availability, as well as the quantitative traditional knowledge inheritance situation of these wild edible plants among different generations were analyzed. Based on the data from threatened species list of China’s higher plants and the IUCN red list, the food plant list for Asia Elephant, the subject database of China plant and the calculated UV score, the top 30 most important wild edible plants were selected for further cultivation in the local village Conclusion: Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants, owned by Dai, Hani and Yao people in Jiangcheng County, is rich but at risk of losing among the young generation. Diversified cultivation of wild edible plants by the local communities could be a solution for sustainable use of natural resources, and conserve the endangered species in this trans-boundary region.

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Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu' er, Southwest China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yilin Cao ◽

ren li ◽

Shishun Zhou ◽

Liang Song ◽

Ruichang Quan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Boundary Region ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Young Generation ◽

Use Value ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Species List

Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. However, little study has uncovered this unique and attractive culture to the world. Methods: We conducted Ethnobotanical survey in 20 villages of Jiangcheng County from 2016 to 2020. Altogether 109 local Dai, Hani, and Yao people were interviewed, and their traditional knowledge about wild edible plants was recorded. Voucher specimens were identified by the authors and deposited in the herbarium of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HITBC). The use value was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the consume frequency and relative importance of the wild edible plants. The Jaccard index was calculated to assess the usage similarity of different areas. The relationship of age and recognized wild edible plants by different ethnic people was performed by R. Results: A total of 211 wild edible plants, belonging to 71 families and 151 genera, were recorded. These plants were consumed as wild edible vegetables, seasonal fruits, salads, spices, sour condiments, tonic soups, tea substitutes, liquor brewing, or dyeing materials. The use value (UV), current cultivation, market availability, as well as the quantitative traditional knowledge inheritance situation of these wild edible plants among different generations were analyzed. Based on the data from threatened species list of China’s higher plants and the IUCN Red List, the food plant list for Asia Elephant, the Subject Database of China Plant and the calculated UV score, the top 30 most important wild edible plants were selected for further cultivation in some local villages. Conclusion: Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants, owned by Dai, Hani, and Yao people in Jiangcheng County, is rich but at risk of being lost among the young generation. Diversified cultivation of wild edible plants by the local communities could be a solution for sustainable use of natural resources and to conserve the endangered species in this trans-boundary region.

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Wild edible plants collected and consumed by the locals in Daqinggou, Inner Mongolia, China

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.1186/s13002-020-00411-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sachula ◽

Geilebagan ◽

Yan-ying Zhang ◽

Hui Zhao ◽

Khasbagan

Keyword(s):

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Plant Species ◽

Han Chinese ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Medical Food

Abstract Background Knowledge of wild edible plants is an important part of traditional knowledge. It is closely related to traditional human agriculture, as well as biodiversity. This study aimed to conduct a detailed investigation and evaluation of wild edible plants that are collected and consumed by the Mongolian and Han locals in Daqinggou and to provide valuable data for the development and utilization of plant resources. Methods In the 9 site visits to the area of Daqinggou during the period of 2017–2019, the authors used key informant interviews, semistructured interviews, and questionnaires to collect utilization information regarding precollected species of local wild edible plants. By combining the data obtained from 101 key informants, the authors used the Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI), a quantitative index to evaluate the relative importance of the wild edible plants that were discussed in the aforementioned interviews. Results The investigation results show that the Mongolian people provided 67 folk names, corresponding to 57 wild plants, and the Han Chinese provided 58 folk names, corresponding to 49 wild plants. A total of 61 edible wild plant species belonging to 29 families and 52 genera were recorded as edible resources for the locals in Daqinggou. The uses include grains, oil and fat resources, vegetables, fruits, beverages, condiments, and snacks. The most commonly reported purpose of wild edible plants is using them as vegetables, followed by using them as beverages and fruits. The most widely used edible parts are fruits, leaves, and other aerial parts. Eating raw and cooked plants are the usual methods of consuming wild edible plants according to the locals. In addition, the CFSI of 61 wild edible plant species shows that 27 species have characteristics of medical food. Conclusions The knowledge and experience of naming and consuming wild plants by the Mongolian people and Han Chinese in Daqinggou are an important manifestation of the direct interaction between locals and plants. The CSFI evaluation of the wild edible plants consumed by the locals in Daqinggou establishes the utilization of some wild plants as part of the traditional knowledge of medical food.

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Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yilin Cao ◽

Ren Li ◽

Shishun Zhou ◽

Liang Song ◽

Ruichang Quan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Boundary Region ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Young Generation ◽

Use Value ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Species List

Abstract Background Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. However, little study has uncovered this unique and attractive culture to the world. Methods We conducted ethnobotanical survey in 20 villages of Jiangcheng County from 2016 to 2020. Altogether 109 local Dai, Hani, and Yao people were interviewed, and their traditional knowledge about wild edible plants was recorded. Voucher specimens were identified by the authors and deposited in the herbarium of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HITBC). The use value was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the consumption frequency and relative importance of the wild edible plants. The Jaccard index was calculated to assess the usage similarity of different areas. The relationship of age and recognized wild edible plants by different ethnic people was performed by R. Results A total of 211 wild edible plants, belonging to 71 families and 151 genera, were recorded. These plants were consumed as wild edible vegetables, seasonal fruits, salads, spices, sour condiments, tonic soups, tea substitutes, liquor brewing, or dyeing materials. The use value (UV), current cultivation, market availability, and the quantitative traditional knowledge inheritance situation of these wild edible plants among different generations, were analyzed. Based on the data from the threatened species list of China’s higher plants and the IUCN Red List, the food plant list for Asia Elephant, the Subject Database of China Plant, and the calculated UV score, the top 30 most important wild edible plants were selected for further cultivation in some local villages. Conclusion Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants, owned by Dai, Hani, and Yao people in Jiangcheng County, is rich but at risk of being lost among the young generation. Diversified cultivation of wild edible plants by the local communities could be a solution for the sustainable use of natural resources and to conserve the endangered species in this trans-boundary region.

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Wild edible plants in the Ehotilé, a fishing people around Aby lagoon (eastern littoral of Côte d'Ivoire): Knowledge and availability

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i1.2467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 59-70

Author(s):

Djah François Malan ◽

Danho Fursy Rodelec Neuba

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Wild Edible Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Edible Plants ◽

Food Practices ◽

Wild Fruits ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Availability Index

This study is set within the important framework of the imperative need to safeguard traditional knowledge at historical, nutritional levels, and as an element of sustainable management of natural resources. Thus, it aimed to identify, through four ethnobotanical surveys (2007, 2009, 2015 and 2019), the wild edible plants used by the Ehotilé around the Aby Lagoon, on the Ivorian eastern littoral, to evaluate the use, preference and availability related to these plants and to discuss the evolution of food practices since the observations of missionaries three centuries earlier. The level of knowledge was analysed using Smith's Index and the availability of edible fruits was assessed with a new cognitive index. Compared to the era of the first settlement, the diet of the Ehotilé has undergone many modifications. Current observations showed that wild plants were rarely used in the diet which was essentially cassava-based. Thirty-nine edible ethnospecies corresponding to 40 scientific plants species were recorded for 46 uses, of which, wild fruits with 54.17 % were the most important. Edible fruits were available all year round, but irregularly and the availability index suggested that 10 species of the fruits sought were rare in the region. The study has shown that gathering plants are well known by the Ehotilé. However, they are not very present in their diet. In addition, they have a good knowledge of the availability of their edible plants and could therefore be key resource persons in any assessment of the dynamics of plants in their environment.

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