scholarly journals The effect of host age and inoculation dose on infection dynamics of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Webster ◽  
Jesper Monrad ◽  
Christian M. O. Kapel ◽  
Annemarie T. Kristensen ◽  
Asger L. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Inoculation Dose ◽  
Infection Dynamics

scholarly journals First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
P. Gavrilović ◽  
I. Todorović ◽  
I. Pavlović ◽  
A. Živulj
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Right

Angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging disease in Europe and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is considered as a main reservoir species for this parasite. Since there have been no reports of A. vasorum in red foxes in Serbia at the time of carrying out our investigations, the aim of the investigations was to explore the role of red foxes in South Banat (northern Serbia) as reservoirs for A. vasorum. Legally hunted foxes were autopsied in the Veterinary Specialised Institute “Pančevo”. The heart, lungs and pulmonary artery were examined macroscopically for evidence of gross lesions and for the presence of adult specimens of A. vasorum. Impression smears of the changed lung tissue were examined microscopically for the presence of first stage larvae of A. vasorum and histopathological examination was performed on lung samples. Out of 24 examined foxes hunted in different locations, 13 had lesions manifested in the lungs, which were suspected to be indicative of angiostrongylosis. In the majority of the foxes distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were swollen, firm, and discoloured to dark-red, dark-yellow and darkbrown. The characteristic lesions in distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were completely consistent with the presence of adult parasites in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, and with the presence of the first stage larvae in the impression smears. The present finding contributes to the knowledge of geographic distribution of angiostrongylosis in red foxes in Europe and provides valuable information that should raise awareness in veterinarians to consider this parasitosis in dogs with signs of cardiopulmonary diseases.

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Newfoundland, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Jeffery ◽  
Murray W Lankester ◽  
Mike J McGrath ◽  
Hugh G Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Crenosoma Vulpis ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Apparent Association ◽  
Dual Infections

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect the pulmonary arteries and airways, respectively, of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Both are widespread in Europe, but within North America, A. vasorum occurs only on the island of Newfoundland. During 2000–2002, 366 red fox carcasses were examined from six regions of Newfoundland for the purpose of determining the distribution of both parasites, effects on the condition of their host, and whether infection with one affects that of the other. Crenosoma vulpis occurred island-wide with a prevalence of 87% and mean (±SE) intensity of 230 ± 20.8. Young-of-the-year red foxes had more C. vulpis (260 ± 39.4) than yearlings (91 ± 31.2) or adults (78 ± 41.1) (χ2 = 25.72, df = 2, p < 0.001), and numbers of adult worm were weakly related to fecal output of first-stage larvae (r2 = 0.20, p < 0.001) but not to host sex or body-fat index. Angiostrongylus vasorum occurred only in southeast Newfoundland where prevalence was 56% and mean intensity was 72 ± 7.6. Its distribution may be limited by cold, as it was absent from areas with mean winter temperatures below –4 °C. Intensity of adult A. vasorum was not related to host age, sex, larval output, or measures of body condition. Although referred to as a heartworm, 88% of adult worms were actually found in the pulmonary arteries rather than in the right ventricle. Furthermore, there was no apparent association between infections with the two parasites (Gc[1] = 0.10) even though 40% of red foxes had dual infections.

A helminthological survey of wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the metropolitan area of Copenhagen

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Willingham ◽  
N.W. Ockens ◽  
C.M.O. Kapel ◽  
J. Monrad
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Baermann Method

AbstractSixty-eight red foxes were collected from the metropolitan area of Copenhagen and examined for helminth infections. Standard faecal flotations for intestinal parasites gave the following results: Strongyle eggs (75.0%), Capillaria eggs (36.8%), Toxocara eggs (23.5%), Taenia eggs (1.5%), and coccidia oocysts (2.9%). Gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 21 of the 68 foxes with the following specimens found: Uncinaria stenocephala (85.7%), Toxocara canis (81.0%), Taenia spp. (38.1%), Mesocestoides lineatus (23.8%) and Polymorphus spp. (9.5%). Faeces of 39 foxes were examined by the Baermann method for larvae of cardiopulmonary worms with 20 foxes (51.3%) being infected. Fourteen foxes (35.9%) were infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum, 11 (28.2%) were infected with Crenosoma vulpis, and 5 foxes (12.8%) were infected with both species. Muscle digestion of diaphragms from the 68 foxes indicated that none harboured larvae of Trichinella spiralis.

Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southern Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Santoro ◽  
Nicola D’Alessio ◽  
Francesca Di Prisco ◽  
Benedetto Neola ◽  
Brunella Restucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Chronic Course

AbstractAngiostrongylus vasorum (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) infection was detected at post-mortem examination in the pulmonary arteries and hearts of 34/102 (33,3%) of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Campania Region in southern Italy. Pathological changes consisted of granulomatous interstitial pneumonia caused by larvae and intravascular pulmonary adult nematodes. These changes confirm that angiostrongylosis infection in red foxes has a mainly chronic course, in which the infected host may disperse parasite larvae in the environment over its lifetime. Results suggest that the life cycle of A. vasorum is well established in the red fox in the Campania Region representing a potential infection risk for dogs.

Host-specific serological response to Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): implications for parasite epidemiology

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. GILLIS-GERMITSCH ◽  
C. M. O. KAPEL ◽  
S. M. THAMSBORG ◽  
P. DEPLAZES ◽  
M. SCHNYDER
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Circulating Antigens

SUMMARYAngiostrongylus vasorum is a cardiovascular nematode increasingly found in dogs and foxes in endemic foci throughout Europe. The present study evaluates ELISAs for detection of circulating antigens and specific antibodies against A. vasorum in foxes. Blood and worm burdens (WBs) from carcasses of 215 Swiss wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and from 75 farmed foxes of different age groups experimentally inoculated once or repeatedly with infective doses of 50, 100 or 200 third-stage larvae were obtained. Antigen detection in the naturally infected Swiss foxes had 91·2% sensitivity and 89·4% specificity, whereas the corresponding figures for antibody detection were 42·2 and 92·0%. The experimentally infected foxes became positive for circulating antigens 5–10 weeks post-inoculation (wpi) and remained highly positive up to 22 wpi, irrespectively of further challenge inoculation. The antibody responses in the same foxes were highly variable: high optical density (OD) values were reached 5–7 wpi in all animals, followed by a decrease in over half of the animals despite accumulating and consequently high WBs resulting in persistent infections. After each challenge, a slight increase of OD values was observed 7 weeks later. We hypothesize that infected foxes develop a variable and non-protective immunity. Such parasite tolerance allows long-term survival of A. vasorum in the animals, and may explain why the parasite appears to spread rapidly within a fox population, an epidemiological dynamic that is evident in many parts of Europe where A. vasorum has been found over the last decades.

scholarly journals Detection of Angiostrongylus vasorum in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Brandenburg, Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (S1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Härtwig ◽  
Christoph Schulze ◽  
Dieter Barutzki ◽  
Roland Schaper ◽  
Arwid Daugschies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes

scholarly journals Angiostrongylus vasorum in Romania: an extensive survey in red foxes, Vulpes vulpes

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Deak ◽  
Călin M. Gherman ◽  
Angela M. Ionică ◽  
Alexandru D. Vezendan ◽  
Gianluca D’Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Extensive Survey

The first report of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Nematoda; Metastrongyloidea) in Poland, in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Demiaszkiewicz ◽  
Anna Pyziel ◽  
Izabela Kuligowska ◽  
Jacek Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Right ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Augustowska Primeval Forest

AbstractAngiostrongylus vasorum belongs to the superfamily of Metastrongyloidea. This nematode occurs in foxes, dogs and other predators. The Nematode A. vasorum place themselves in the pulmonary artery and its branches, and in the right ventricle and atrium of the heart. Numerous species of land snails are the intermediate hosts of the parasite. In 2013, lungs and hearts of 76 foxes shot in the Forest District Głęboki Bród in Augustowska Primeval Forest were parasitologically necropsied. Four of the examined foxes were infected with the nematode A. vasorum, a prevalence of 5.2%. In one fox pericardium there were 6 male and 6 female nematodes. In the remaining three foxes nematodes were localized in the pulmonary artery. In two foxes 2 specimens of nematodes were detected (male and female, and two females) while 1 female was detected in the other fox. This is the first report of the presence of the nematode A. vasorum in fox in Poland.

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