Structuring, reuse and analysis of electronic dental data using the Oral Health and Disease Ontology

This paper attempts to summarise the findings accumulated within the last few years concerning the hormone of darkness “melatonin.” Based on its origin, from the pineal gland until recently it was portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Due to its lipophilic nature, it is accessible to every cell. Thus, in the classic sense it is a cell protector rather than a hormone. Recent studies, by Claustrat et al. (2005), detected few extrapineal sources of melatonin like retina, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary glands. Due to these sources, research by Cutando et al. (2007), is trying to explore the implications of melatonin in the oral cavity, in addition to its physiologic anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and oncostatic functions at systemic level that may be receptor dependent or independent. Recently, certain in vivo studies by Shimozuma et al. (2011), detected the secretion of melatonin from salivary glands further emphasising its local activity. Thus, within our confines the effects of melatonin in the mouth are reviewed, adding a note on therapeutic potentials of melatonin both systemically and orally.

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Diversity and Morphology of Members of the Phylum “Synergistetes” in Periodontal Health and Disease

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02763-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 3777-3786 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

S. R. Vartoukian ◽

R. M. Palmer ◽

W. G. Wade

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Positive Sample ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Fish Analysis ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Pcr Cloning ◽

Human Oral Cavity ◽

Health And Disease

ABSTRACT Members of the phylum “Synergistetes” have frequently been detected in the human oral cavity at sites of dental disease, but they have rarely been detected in studies of oral health. Only two oral “Synergistetes” taxa are cultivable. The aims of this study were to investigate the diversity of “Synergistetes” in the oral cavity, to establish whether “Synergistetes” taxa are more strongly associated with periodontitis than with oral health, and to visualize unculturable “Synergistetes” in situ. Sixty samples (saliva, dental plaque, and mucosal swabs) were collected from five subjects with periodontitis and five periodontally healthy controls. Using phylum-specific 16S rRNA gene primers, “Synergistetes” were identified by PCR, cloning, and sequencing of 48 clones per PCR-positive sample. Subgingival plaque samples were labeled with probes targeting rRNA of unculturable oral “Synergistetes” using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Analysis of 1,664 clones revealed 12 “Synergistetes” operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 99% sequence identity level, 5 of which were novel. “Synergistetes” OTU 4.2 was found in significantly more subjects with periodontitis than controls (P = 0.048) and was more abundant in subgingival plaque at diseased sites than at healthy sites in subjects with periodontitis (P = 0.019) or controls (P = 0.019). FISH analysis revealed that unculturable oral “Synergistetes” cells were large curved bacilli. The human oral cavity harbors a diverse population of “Synergistetes.” “Synergistetes” OTU 4.2 is associated with periodontitis and may have a pathogenic role.

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Oral Health and Nutrition

10.2310/im.9038 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carole. A. Palmer ◽

Zhangmuge Cheng

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Surgeon General ◽

Optimal Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

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