scholarly journals Gene–environment interplay in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of a developmental perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Thapar ◽  
Kate Langley ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
Michael Gill
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

SummaryAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies in its clinical presentation and course. Susceptibility gene variants for ADHD and associated antisocial behaviour are being identified with emerging evidence of gene–environment interaction. Genes and environmental factors that influence the origins of disorder are not necessarily the same as those that contribute to its course and outcome.

scholarly journals Relationship between antisocial behaviour, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and maternal prenatal smoking

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. M. Button ◽  
A. Thapar ◽  
P. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

BackgroundThere is substantial evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with both antisocial behaviour and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, it is not clear whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is independently associated with antisocial behaviour or whether the association arises because antisocial behaviour and ADHD covary.AimsTo examine the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy, antisocial behaviour and ADHD in offspring.MethodQuestionnaires concerning behaviour and environmental factors were sent to twins from the CaStANET study and data analysed using a number of bivariate structural equation models.ResultsMaternal prenatal smoking contributed small but significant amounts to the variance of ADHD and of antisocial behaviour. The best fitting bivariate model was one in which maternal prenatal smoking had a specific influence on each phenotype, independent of the effect on the other phenotype.ConclusionsBoth antisocial behaviour and ADHD symptoms in offspring are independently influenced by maternal prenatal smoking during pregnancy.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Magon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Role Impairment

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most-common psychiatric disorders; it is highly comorbid with many other psychiatric disorders and associated with substantial role impairment. Untreated ADHD results in psychiatric comorbidity, relationship and parenting problems, underachievement, frequent job losses, and opportunistic delinquency. Nevertheless, ADHD remains the most under-recognised and undertreated mental health condition in adults. This article discusses the clinical presentation of ADHD in adulthood with a particular focus on recognition, assessment and management of ADHD in adults in primary care.

Gene–environment interactions reexamined: Does mother's marital stability interact with the dopamine receptor D2 gene in the etiology of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin D. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractPotential candidate Gene × Environment interactions in the etiology of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are examined between the dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) and putative family environmental risk factors that reflect mothers' marital stability. Specifically, interactions were tested between DRD2 and mothers' marital status, number of marriages or cohabiting relationships, and age at first marriage. Moderate relations were found among the marital stability measures, and mother's marital status and number of marriages or cohabiting relationships (but not age at first marriage) were risk factors for their children's ADHD. All three mother's marital stability variables were associated with either the child's or mother's DRD2 genotypes. Gene × Environment interactions were found for children's ADHD diagnoses between children's DRD2 genotypes and mother's marital status and number of marriages or cohabiting relationships. It is of interest that these interactions were strengthened with the progressive addition of sets of covariates intended to control for alternative causal pathways that represent background genetic and environmental context confounds. The present findings highlight the importance of considering both the nexus of putative environmental risk factors and whether their etiology and effects are truly environmental in future Gene × Environment interaction research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document