Longitudinal trends in costs for palliative radiation for metastatic prostate cancer.

6554 Background: Prostate cancer is a leading contributor to cancer health care costs, with end of life care composing a substantial portion of overall costs. In recent years, palliative treatment of metastases has been characterized by the use of more complex radiation planning and delivery systems. However, little is known about how costs of palliative radiation treatment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer have changed over this period. Methods: Retrospective analysis of SEER-Medicare data of men aged 66 and older who died from metastatic prostate cancer between 2000 and 2007. Inclusion criteria included all fee-for-service beneficiaries treated with radiation therapy for bony metastases in the last year of life. Direct costs were obtained by summing Medicare carrier and outpatient facility payments for all radiation treatment claims following an initial radiation treatment claim for bony metastases and adjusted to 2008 dollars using Consumer Price Indexes for medical care. Results: A total of 1,705 men met study inclusion criteria. Median age at diagnosis was 74, median time from diagnosis to death was 47 months, and 37% of men had distant metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Total Medicare payments for radiation therapy for bony metastases increased from an average of $2,763 to $3,989 for men who died from prostate cancer in 2000 vs. 2007. Outpatient facility claims for radiation therapy increased relative to carrier claims, composing 48% ($1,316) and 57% ($2,276) of all radiation treatment Medicare payments in 2000 vs. 2007 (All P < 0.001). Conclusions: Between 2000 and 2007, average Medicare payments for palliative radiation therapy for bony prostate cancer metastases increased by roughly a third. The majority of increased costs were observed within outpatient facility claims, suggesting a shift in the administration of palliative radiation therapy from free-standing clinics to hospital-based outpatient facilities. Changes in end of life palliative radiation therapy for men with prostate cancer may impact future increases in Medicare health care expenditures.