Chromosome Research in Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Genetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Sharma ◽  
Archana Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Research

A Novel Technique for Observing the Internal Ultrastructure of Human Chromosomes with Known Karyotype

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghazizadeh ◽  
Yoshihiro Sasaki ◽  
Tatsuo Oguro ◽  
Shigeru Sato ◽  
Seiko Egawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metaphase Chromosome ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Research ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Normal Human

Observation of the internal ultrastructure of human chromosomes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has frequently been attempted in spite of the difficulties in detaching metaphase chromosome spreads from the glass slide for further processing. In this study we have used a method in which metaphase chromosome spreads were prepared on a flexible thermoplastic membrane (ACLAR) film. To assess chromosome identity, a diamidino-phenylindole staining and karyotying was first done using a conventional cytogenetic system. The chromosome spreads were then fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide, stained with freshly prepared 2% tannic acid, dehydrated, and flat-embedded in epoxy resin. The resin sheet was easily detachable and carried whole chromosome spreads. By this method, TEM observation of chromosomes from normal human lymphocytes allowed a thorough examination of the ultrastructure of centromeres, telomeres, fragile sites, and other chromosomal regions. Various ultrastructural patterns including thick electron dense boundaries, less dense internal regions, and extended chromatin loops at the periphery of the chromosomes were discernible. Application of the present method to chromosome research is expected to provide comprehensive information on the internal ultrastructure of different chromosomal regions in relation to function.

scholarly journals Maize Histone H2B-mCherry: A New Fluorescent Chromatin Marker for Somatic and Meiotic Chromosome Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Howe ◽  
Thomas E. Clemente ◽  
Hank W. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Research ◽  
Histone H2b

scholarly journals Karyological and cytogenetic features of conifers in arboretums and parklands

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
T. S. Sedel'nikova ◽  
A. V. Pimenov ◽  
E. N. Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Chromosome Research ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Recreational Pressure ◽  
Mitosis And Meiosis ◽  
Meiotic Anomalies

Aim. The study of karyological and cytogenetic features of conifers growing under conditions of introduction and increased recreational pressure, to identify biodiversity and solve the problems of population and environmental genetics of representatives of this group of plants. Methods. Classical chromosome research methods with staining with acetohematoxylin were used. Results. In species, forms, and cultivars of conifers from the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae families growing in arboretums and parklands, as well as being components of green spaces in settlements of different geographical regions, variability of chromosome numbers (mixoploidy), the appearance of B chromosomes, high occurrence, and a wide range of chromosomal and meiotic anomalies are discovered. Conclusions. Karyological and cytogenetic studies have shown the presence of karyotypic polymorphism and an increase in the number of various disorders of mitosis and meiosis in conifers when introduced under growing conditions in recreational areas. Keywords: conifers, introduction, chromosome number, chromosomal rearrangements, meiosis disorders.

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