Section Introduction: Emergent Management of Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases

2014 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
John P Bilezikian
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone

Metabolic Bone Diseases

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Russell W. Chesney
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Inorganic Chemical ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Upon viewing a skeleton, one thinks of bone as an inert framework upon which the remainder of the body is constructed. Nothing could be more incorrect, since bone is a dynamic living organ which is capable of constant turnover, weight-bearing, and sustaining the remarkable stresses incurred in running, jumping, and other daily activities. Bone is constantly being formed and reformed (modeled and remodeled), is continuously serving as a reservoir of the divalent minerals (calcium, phosphate, and magnesium), and, in children, is constantly undergoing growth. In this article, the disorders that affect bone will be reviewed. These conditions fall under the general rubric metabolic bone disease and generally comprise a group of disorders in which impaired formation, enhanced resorption, or altered turnover of bone prevails (Table 1). The human skeleton is composed of a collagen-containing (and noncollagen protein-containing) matrix, or osteoid, upon which is deposited a crystalline mineral phase. This mineral component of bone contains calcium and phosphate in various inorganic chemical compounds, the major one being hydroxyapatite. However, this hydroxyapatite is deep within bone trabeculae and ordinarily inaccessible. The rapidly exchangeable pool and accessible mineral phase of bone is composed of newly formed, but incomplete, hydroxyapatite crystals and amorphous calcium phosphate.1

Is oral health correlated with skeletal phenotype in primary metabolic bone diseases? A preliminary report of the Greek experience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemis Doulgeraki ◽  
Margarita Gatzogianni ◽  
Andreas Agouropoulos ◽  
Helen Athanasopoulou ◽  
Georgios Polyzois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Skeletal Phenotype

scholarly journals Genetic approaches to metabolic bone diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadil M. Hannan ◽  
Paul J. Newey ◽  
Michael P. Whyte ◽  
Rajesh V. Thakker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone

scholarly journals Bone biopsy in nephrology practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fellype de Carvalho Barreto ◽  
Cleber Rafael Vieira da Costa ◽  
Luciene Machado dos Reis ◽  
Melani Ribeiro Custódio
Keyword(s):  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Medical Residency ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
The World

Abstract Renal osteodystrophy (ROD), a group of metabolic bone diseases secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD), still represents a great challenge to nephrologists. Its management is tailored by the type of bone lesion - of high or low turnover - that cannot be accurately predicted by serum biomarkers of bone remodeling available in daily clinical practice, mainly parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP). In view of this limitation, bone biopsy followed by bone quantitative histomorphometry, the gold-standard method for the diagnosis of ROD, is still considered of paramount importance. Bone biopsy has also been recommended for evaluation of osteoporosis in the CKD setting to help physicians choose the best anti-osteoporotic drug. Importantly, bone biopsy is the sole diagnostic method capable of providing dynamic information on bone metabolism. Trabecular and cortical bones may be analyzed separately by evaluating their structural and dynamic parameters, thickness and porosity, respectively. Deposition of metals, such as aluminum and iron, on bone may also be detected. Despite of these unique characteristics, the interest on bone biopsy has declined over the last years and there are currently few centers around the world specialized on bone histomorphometry. In this review, we will discuss the bone biopsy technique, its indications, and the main information it can provide. The interest on bone biopsy should be renewed and nephrologists should be capacitated to perform it as part of their training during medical residency.

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