hand bones
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2022 ◽  
Vol 289 (1966) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila S. Rothier ◽  
Monique N. Simon ◽  
Gabriel Marroig ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Tiana Kohlsdorf

Selective regimes favouring the evolution of functional specialization probably affect covariation among phenotypic traits. Phalanges of most tetrapods develop from a conserved module that constrains their relative proportions. In geckos, however, biomechanical specializations associated with adhesive toepads involve morphological variation in the autopodium and might reorganize such modular structures. We tested two hypotheses to explain the modular architecture of hand bones in geckos, one based on developmental interactions and another incorporating functional associations related to locomotion, and compared the empirical support for each hypothetical module between padded and padless lineages. We found strong evidence for developmental modules in most species, which probably reflects embryological constraints during phalangeal formation. Although padded geckos exhibit a functional specialization involving the hyperextension of the distal phalanges that is absent in padless species, the padless species are the ones that show a distal functional module with high integration. Some ancestrally padless geckos apparently deviate from developmental predictions and present a relatively weak developmental module of phalanges and a strongly integrated distal module, which may reflect selective regimes involving incipient frictional adhesion in digit morphology. Modularity of digit elements seems dynamic along the evolutionary history of geckos, being associated with the presence/absence of adhesive toepads.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
Bichuan Liu ◽  
Nai Liu

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball sports will effect on the morphology and structure of the hand bones and joints. Objective: The article selected nine professional basketball players (basketball group) and 11 non-basketball players (control group) in the provincial youth team. A 64-row spiral computed tomography scan was used to scan the wrist and three-dimensional reconstruction. The volume of each carpal bone and the computed tomography value (bone density) were measured. Methods: To explore the influence of basketball sports on the hand bones and joints’ morphological structure, the paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the computed tomography images of young male basketball players’ wrist bones. Results: Compared with the carpal bones in the control group, the volume of the right navicular bone and the small polygonal bone, the left-hand navicular bone, the large triangular bone, and the small polygonal bone in the basketball group increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Basketball can increase the volume of the part of the wrist bones of adolescent male athletes and reduce the bone density; the morphological structure of the non-smashing wrist bones of basketball players has similar changes to that of the spikers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
V.I. Shevtsov ◽  
◽  
A.P. Kirienko ◽  
N.G. Shikhaleva ◽  
K.I. Novikov ◽  
...  

Introduction Hand surgery has its own history in each country which is done by outstanding doctors and scientists. Аcademician G.A. Ilizarov, the founder of transosseous osteosynthesis, is one of such personalities. Purpose of the work To analyze the stages of development and application of transosseous osteosynthesis in hand surgery, proposed by Academician G.A. Ilizarov. Methods The process of creation and development of transosseous osteosynthesis for short tubular bones was analyzed. We present the main designs and developers of the inventions related to extrafocal osteosynthesis of hand bones. The structural divisions of the Ilizarov Center, in which medical care was provided to the patients with hand pathology, were stated. Results The entire existence and active use of the Ilizarov mini-fixator can be represented by five periods, starting from the period of comprehending the need for its design. Currently, we are in the period of its combined use in conjunction with the reconstruction of hand soft tissues. Conclusion The names of scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development of the Ilizarov method of transosseous osteosynthesis for the hand surgery were given in the final summary. Thanks to the results of their work, we have the opportunity to further develop hand surgery in accordance with the contemporary scientific requirements


2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 110777
Author(s):  
Floriane Remy ◽  
Bérengère Saliba-Serre ◽  
Kathia Chaumoitre ◽  
Laurent Martrille ◽  
Loïc Lalys

2021 ◽  
pp. 175319342110078
Author(s):  
Ajay Puri ◽  
Rohit Rajalbandi ◽  
Ashish Gulia

The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of giant cell tumour of the hand bones in an Asian population, document treatment options and report outcomes of treatment. Of 698 giant cell tumours of bone that underwent surgery between January 2011 and December 2020 at our institute, only 22 (3%) were in the hand. Fourteen occurred in the metacarpals, eight in the phalanges. Fifteen were primary tumours and seven had recurrent disease. Twenty lesions had an associated soft tissue component. Two patients treated for primary disease and one who had been treated for recurrence had local recurrence. Recurrence occurred in two of nine patients treated with curettage, one of three with resection and none of five with ray or digit amputation. Both curettage and resection/amputation are acceptable treatment options for the rare condition of giant cell tumour of bone in the hand, with a need to individualize treatment decisions based on the site and extent of disease to minimize treatment morbidity while maximizing disease control. Level of evidence: IV


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
  Safaa A. Y. Mohammed ◽  
Anas O. A. Hamdoun ◽  
Abd Elmoniem S. Elmardi
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Xiang Shen ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Zhi Sun ◽  
Shuli Zhao

Objective: To learn the depth of paper using feature extraction, combined with critical areas of heat syndrome and related information, X-ray image of hand to analyze bone age children. Methods: The thesis of the X-ray image data preprocessing left hand, the use of depth of depth neural network learning methods, combined with clinical data skeletal age evaluation model to evaluate the effectiveness of the test model. Results: X-ray image of hand artificial feature extraction, combined SVM classification, automatic assessment of skeletal age. The method of automatic assessment of bone age SVM-based feature primarily artificial, SIFT features extracted image, LBP features, characteristics of GCLM, these features are combined, and then used to train the SVM, have some ability to automatically assess bone age assessment based on SVM. Conclusion: This topic X-ray image based on the hand bones, computer vision, machine learning to extract the relevant methods, pretreatment and segmentation of X-ray images of the hand bones, characterized by automatic assessment of bone age, lack the core image of the sample problem.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Borle

Norman, Kim. Give Me Back My Bones! Illustrated by Bob Kolar. Candlewick Press, 2019. This book is a blend of fun and education. A pirate skeleton, whose bones have been spread across the ocean floor, wants to reclaim them. He “claim[s] his clavicle” and “hanker[s] for [his] humerus.” The text is a poem filled with surprising and creative descriptions of what the individual bones do: “Who can spot my shoulder blade, / my shrugging jacket-holder blade, / my shiver-when-I’m-colder blade? / Oh, scapula, come back!” The text is printed on Bob Kolar’s simple, bright,  two-dimensional illustrations. There are some fun things to find in the illustrations. For example, when the pirate is looking for his hand-bones, we see them in the sand, hidden among hand-shaped corals. A squid returns his arm-bones.  In some images fish peer at him suspiciously as he slowly collects his missing parts.  As an educational work, this book is excellent. The front end papers show all of the disconnected bones with their names. The back end papers show the whole skeleton together with the bones named. Because it is a jaunty poem and fun to read, children will want to re-read it and will eventually memorize it. As a by-product of fun, they will learn what metacarpals and phalanges are.  This book is highly recommended for pediatricians’ offices, as well as public and school libraries. Highly Recommended:  4 out of 4 starsReviewer:  Sean C. Borle Sean C. Borle is a University of Alberta student in the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry who is an advocate for child health and safety.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bucchi ◽  
Javier Luengo ◽  
Ramón Fuentes ◽  
Manuel Arellano-Villalón ◽  
Carlos Lorenzo

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Marchuk ◽  
V. F. Marchuk ◽  
Yu. F. Marchuk ◽  
D. R. Andriychuk ◽  
V. T. Kulachek ◽  
...  

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