scholarly journals GH, But Not GHRH, Plays a Role in the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (10) ◽  
pp. 3803-3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugia Shohreh ◽  
Carlos A. Pardo ◽  
Federica Guaraldi ◽  
Andrew V. Schally ◽  
Roberto Salvatori
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Spleen Size ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Proliferative Assay ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

GH has been suggested to influence the function of the immune system in several species. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (an animal model for multiple sclerosis) has been reported not to occur in GH-deficient (GHD) mice. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of GH and GHRH replacement on development of EAE in a mouse model of isolated GHD due to removal of the GHRH gene [GHRH knockout (GHRHKO)]. We studied two groups of adult female mice: 12 GH-sufficient animals (control) and 36 GHRHKO animals. All mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide, a peptide known to induce EAE. GHRHKO mice were left untreated or were treated for 4 wk with daily sc injections of recombinant GH or of a GHRH super agonist JI-38 (JI38-GHD). Evaluation of EAE symptoms was carried out daily, and T-proliferative assay and histopathological analysis of the spinal cord were performed. GHRHKO mice were less prone to develop EAE when compared with control mice. GH (but not JI-38) restored the original susceptibility of mice to the disease, despite lack of complete serum IGF-I normalization. GH treatment was also associated with a markedly increase in spleen size and T-cell proliferation specific to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide. GH (but not GHRH) plays an important role in the development of EAE.

scholarly journals The Immune-Modulatory Role of Apolipoprotein E with Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Liang Zhang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Lipid Antigen ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34.2 kDa glycoprotein characterized by its wide tissue distribution and multiple functions. The nonlipid-related properties of apoE include modulating inflammation and oxidation, suppressing T cell proliferation, regulating macrophage functions, and facilitating lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules to natural killer T (NKT) cells, and so forth. Increasing studies have revealed that APOEεallele might be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), although evidence is still not sufficient enough. In this review, we summarized the current progress of the immunomodulatory functions of apoE, with special focus on the association of APOEεallele with the clinical features of MS and of its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

scholarly journals Alpinia oxyphylla Fruit Extract Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through the Regulation of Th1/Th17 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Kuei Huang ◽  
Meng-Nan Lin ◽  
Yi-Ling Hsu ◽  
I-Huang Lu ◽  
I-Hong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Th17 Response ◽  
Alpinia Oxyphylla ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Alpinia oxyphylla is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for treating diarrhea, ulceration, and enuresis. Moreover, A. oxyphylla is effective for cognitive function improvement and nerve regeneration. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuronal inflammatory autoimmune disease that commonly affects young adults in high-latitude regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of A. oxyphylla in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, which is an extensively used model for human MS. The ethanolic extract of A. oxyphylla fruit (AO-1) was orally administered to EAE mice. Our results showed AO-1 significantly reduced EAE symptoms. Histopathological analysis showed AO-1 reduced demyelination, inflammation, gliosis, and axonal swelling in the spinal cord. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) studies revealed that the infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and CD11b+ monocytes into the spinal cord decreased in the AO-1-treated group. Mechanistically, the Th1 transcription factor T-bet, Th17 transcription factor retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor γ (RORγt), and inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 were reduced in the spinal cords of mice treated with AO-1. The expression levels of T-bet and RORγt were also lowered in the spleens of those mice. Further in vitro study showed AO-1 inhibited production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α from MOG35-55-peptide-stimulated splenocytes. One component isolated from AO-1, yakuchinone A, inhibited IL-17 production in vitro and reduced EAE symptoms in the mice. Collectively, our results indicate that AO-1 ameliorated the severity of EAE in mice and may involve the regulation of Th1/Th17 response. A. oxyphylla warrants further investigation, particularly regarding its clinical benefits for MS.

Protective DNA vaccination against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is overcome by C3d in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (15) ◽  
pp. 3691-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Jégou ◽  
Philippe Chan ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Schouft ◽  
Philippe Gasque ◽  
Hubert Vaudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Dna Vaccination ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune
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