Motor Evoked Potentials Elicited from Pyramidal Stimulation and Recorded from the Spinal Cord in the Rat

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ryder ◽  
Rosario Zappulla ◽  
Julia Nieves
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Latency Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract This study investigated the spinal evoked response to focal electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex in 32 rats. The results demonstrate a long-latency response (beginning at 8 milliseconds); elicited by electrical stimulation, which is distinct from the short-latency motor evoked potential previously reported. The conduction velocity of this later response is similar to that reported for the pyramidal tract in the rat. Experiments confirm that the longer latency response depends upon the integrity of the pyramidal system. Focal stimulation outside the sensorimotor cortex failed to elicit a response. Experimental lesions of the pyramidal tract or ablating the sensorimotor cortex eliminated the spinal cord evoked response. The results demonstrate that focal stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex results in a spinal cord evoked response that represents activity within the pyramidal system. The utility of this response in the rat model for assessing experimental cord injury is discussed.

Epidural electrical stimulation to facilitate locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannie Audet ◽  
Charly G. Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Of

Tonic or phasic electrical epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord facilitates locomotion and standing in a variety of preclinical models with severe spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms of epidural electrical stimulation that facilitate sensorimotor functions remain largely unknown. This review aims to address how epidural electrical stimulation interacts with spinal sensorimotor circuits and discusses the limitations that currently restrict the clinical implementation of this promising therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Combined Supra- and Sub-Lesional Epidural Electrical Stimulation for Restoration of the Motor Functions after Spinal Cord Injury in Mini Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Filip Fadeev ◽  
Anton Eremeev ◽  
Farid Bashirov ◽  
Roman Shevchenko ◽  
Andrei Izmailov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Thoracic Injury ◽  
Spinal Circuitry ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Mini Pigs

This study evaluates the effect of combined epidural electrical stimulation (EES) applied above (C5) and below (L2) the spinal cord injury (SCI) at T8–9 combined with motor training on the restoration of sensorimotor function in mini pigs. The motor evoked potentials (MEP) induced by EES applied at C5 and L2 levels were recorded in soleus muscles before and two weeks after SCI. EES treatment started two weeks after SCI and continued for 6 weeks led to improvement in multiple metrics, including behavioral, electrophysiological, and joint kinematics outcomes. In control animals after SCI a multiphasic M-response was observed during M/H-response testing, while animals received EES-enable training demonstrated the restoration of the M-response and H-reflex, although at a lower amplitude. The joint kinematic and assessment with Porcine Thoracic Injury Behavior scale (PTIBS) motor recovery scale demonstrated improvement in animals that received EES-enable training compared to animals with no treatment. The positive effect of two-level (cervical and lumbar) epidural electrical stimulation on functional restoration in mini pigs following spinal cord contusion injury in mini pigs could be related with facilitation of spinal circuitry at both levels and activation of multisegmental coordination. This approach can be taken as a basis for the future development of neuromodulation and neurorehabilitation therapy for patients with spinal cord injury.

Effect of Electrical Stimulation of Hamstrings and L3/4 Dermatome on Gait in Spinal Cord Injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan van der Salm ◽  
Peter H. Veltink ◽  
Hermie J. Hermens ◽  
Anand V. Nene ◽  
Maarten J. IJzerman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Acute effect of electrical stimulation of the dorsal genital nerve on rectal capacity in patients with spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Worsøe ◽  
L Fynne ◽  
S Laurberg ◽  
K Krogh ◽  
N J M Rijkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Rectal Capacity ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation Of The Cervical Dorsal Roots Enables Functional Arm And Hand Movements In Monkeys With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Barra ◽  
S. Conti ◽  
M.G. Perich ◽  
K. Zhuang ◽  
G. Schiavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARYRegaining arm motor control is a high priority for people with cervical spinal cord injury1. Unfortunately, no therapy can reverse upper limb paralysis. Promising neurotechnologies stimulating muscles to bypass the injury enabled grasping in humans with SCI2,3 but failed to sustain whole arm functional movements that are necessary for daily living activities. Here, we show that electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord enabled three monkeys with cervical SCI to execute functional, three-dimensional, arm movements. We designed a lateralized epidural interface that targeted motoneurons through the recruitment of sensory afferents within the dorsal roots and was adapted to the specific anatomy of each monkey. Simple stimulation bursts engaging single roots produced selective joint movements. We then triggered these bursts using movement-related intracortical signals, which enabled monkeys with arm motor deficits to perform an unconstrained, three-dimensional reach and grasp task. Our technology increased muscle activity, forces, task performance and quality of arm movements. Finally, analysis of intra-cortical neural data showed that a synergistic interaction between spared descending pathways and electrical stimulation enabled this restoration of voluntary motor control. Spinal cord stimulation is a mature clinical technology4–7, which suggests a realistic path for our approach to clinical applications.

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