BYPASS SURGERY FOR COMPLEX BRAIN ANEURYSMS

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Sanai ◽  
Zsolt Zador ◽  
Michael T. Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Bypass Patency ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Brain Aneurysms

Abstract OBJECTIVE Bypass surgery for brain aneurysms is evolving from extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) to intracranial-intracranial (IC-IC) bypasses that reanastomose parent arteries, revascularize efferent branches with in situ donor arteries or reimplantation, and reconstruct bifurcated anatomy with grafts that are entirely intracranial. We compared results with these newer IC-IC bypasses to conventional EC-IC bypasses. METHODS During a 10-year period, 82 patients underwent bypass surgery as part of their aneurysm management. A quarter of the patients presented with ruptured aneurysms and two-thirds presented with compressive symptoms from unruptured aneurysms. Most aneurysms (82%) had non-saccular morphology and 56% were giant sized. Common locations included the cavernous internal carotid artery (23%), middle cerebral artery (20%), and posteroinferior cerebellar artery (12%). RESULTS Forty-seven patients (57%) received EC-IC bypasses and 35 patients (43%) received IC-IC bypasses, including 9 in situ bypasses, 6 reimplantations, 11 reanastomoses, and 9 intracranial grafts. Aneurysm obliteration rates were comparable in EC-IC and IC-IC bypass groups (97.9% and 97.1%, respectively), as were bypass patency rates (94% and 89%, respectively). Three patients died (surgical mortality, 3.7%), and 4 patients were permanently worse as a result of bypass occlusions (neurological morbidity, 4.9%). At late follow-up (mean duration, 41 months), good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 5 or 4) were measured in 68 patients (90%) overall, and were similar in EC-IC and IC-IC bypass groups (91% and 89%, respectively). Changes in Glasgow Outcome Scale score were slightly more favorable with IC-IC bypass (6% worse or dead after IC-IC bypass versus 14% with EC-IC bypass). CONCLUSION IC-IC bypasses compare favorably to EC-IC bypasses in terms of aneurysm obliteration rates, bypass patency rates, and neurological outcomes. IC-IC bypasses can be more technically challenging to perform, but they do not require harvest of extracranial donor arteries, spare patients a neck incision, shorten interposition grafts, are protected inside the cranium, use caliber-matched donor and recipient arteries, and are not associated with ischemic complications during temporary arterial occlusions. IC-IC bypass can replace conventional EC-IC bypass with more anatomic reconstructions for selected aneurysms involving the middle cerebral artery, posteroinferior cerebellar artery, anterior cerebral artery, and basilar apex.

scholarly journals Aplastic or twig-like middle cerebral artery harboring unruptured cerebral aneurysms treated by clipping and bypass surgery: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Takarada ◽  
Kiyoyuki Yanaka ◽  
Kuniyuki Onuma ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakamura ◽  
Nobuyuki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Aneurysm Clipping ◽  
Hemodynamic Stress ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Aplastic or twig-like middle cerebral artery (Ap/T-MCA) is a congenital MCA anomaly. It may present with symptoms of both hemorrhage and ischemia, similar to moyamoya disease, and hemodynamic stress may play an essential role in the development of symptoms in both clinical entities. The optimal treatment remains controversial in symptomatic patients with Ap/T-MCA. This report discussed the treatment method for a patient with Ap/T-MCA with unruptured aneurysms who presented with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) treated by aneurysm clipping and bypass surgery. OBSERVATIONS In a 46-year-old woman with a sudden headache, computed tomography showed left IVH. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a left MCA aneurysm and MCA trunk stenosis. Three-dimensional angiography demonstrated a plexiform arterial network and multiple aneurysms arising from the MCA and in the plexiform network, leading to the diagnosis of Ap/T-MCA harboring unruptured aneurysms. The patient was successfully treated by craniotomy with aneurysm clipping and bypass surgery to prevent further intracranial hemorrhages and/or aneurysm rupture. LESSONS Especially in cases such as Ap/T-MCA, in which hemodynamic stress has a significant effect, the optimal treatment method should be based on vascular morphology and the impact of hemodynamic stress.

scholarly journals Surgical Clipping for Complex Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: Decision-Making Tree With Tailored Bypass Strategy

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Oda ◽  
Ichiro Nakahara ◽  
Shoji Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshio Suyama ◽  
Akiko Hasebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Operative Strategy ◽  
Mca Aneurysm ◽  
In Situ Bypass

Abstract INTRODUCTION Bypass surgery is important as an effective strategy for complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Various bypass techniques were reported, but some of them were challenging and difficult to understand. The aim of this report was to propose our simple and flexible method for selecting ideal bypass option and its outcome. METHODS The strategy of bypass surgery is modified by a consideration of the anatomical situation as follows: Is it possible to make a flow our route? Is the amount of bypass flow sufficient? How is the location of lateral lenticulostriate artery (LSA)? Is the preservation of M2 branches possible? Modality of bypass surgery consists of (1) standard superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass (single/double, M3/4), (2) STA-proximal MCA (single/double, M1/2), (3) high flow bypass, (4) in-situ bypass (MCA-MCA parallels), and (4) interposition bypass. Operative strategy is selected based on our decision making tree. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2018, we experienced 280 cases (70 ruptured, 210 unruptured) of direct surgery for cerebral aneurysms. Of these cases, the MCA aneurysm accounted for 40% (112 cases). Among these, revascularization was required in 10 cases of complex anatomy. Strategy of bypass surgery included the following: STA-proximal MCA (M1) single bypass: 1 case, STA-proximal MCA (M2) single bypass: 3 cases, STA-proximal MCA (M2) double bypass: 3 cases, STA-distal MCA (M3-4): 1 case, and MCA-MCA in situ bypass: 2 cases (include combination bypass). Patency of bypass was 96% and neurological worsening that caused by surgery was 20% with no operative mortality. CONCLUSION Our decision-making tree with tailored bypass strategy is reasonable and will help select an optimal strategy for the complex MCA aneurysm surgery.

Efficacy and Safety of Timely Urgent Superficial Temporal Artery-to-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Institutional Prospective Study and a Pooled Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jang Hun Kim ◽  
Wonki Yoon ◽  
Chi Kyung Kim ◽  
Haewon Roh ◽  
Hee Jin Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Nihss Score

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO) is not satisfactory if reperfusion treatment fails or is not tried. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of urgent superficial temporal-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery in selected patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients who were diagnosed with LVO-induced AIS in the anterior circulation but had a failed intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) or were not tried due to IAT contraindications were prospectively enrolled. Timely urgent STA-MCA bypass surgery was performed if they showed perfusion-diffusion mismatch or symptom-diffusion mismatch in the acute phase of disease. Clinical and radiological data of these patients were assessed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of urgent bypass procedures. A pooled analysis of published data on urgent bypass surgery in acute stroke patients was conducted and analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In 18 patients who underwent timely bypass, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score improved from 12.11 ± 4.84 to 9.89 ± 6.52, 1 week after surgery. Three-month and long-term (9.72 ± 5.00 months) favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] scores 0–2) were achieved in 50 and 75% of the patients, respectively. The pooled analysis (117 patients from 10 articles, including ours) identified favorable mRS scores in 71.79% patients at 3 months. A significant NIHSS score improvement from 11.51 ± 4.89 to 7.59 ± 5.50 was observed after surgery with significance. Major complications occurred in 3 patients (2.6%, 3/117) without mortality. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Urgent STA-MCA bypass surgery can be regarded as a safe optional treatment to prevent cerebral infarct expansion and to improve clinical and radiological outcomes in highly selected patients.

Abstract 74: Improvement in Cerebral Hemodynamic Parameters and Outcome after Superficial Temporal Artery- Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass in Patients with Severe Steno-occlusive Disease of Intracranial Carotid and Middle Cerebral Artery

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Yeo ◽  
Prakash Paliwas ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Arvind K Sindha ◽  
Hockluen Teoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Superficial Temporal Artery ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Bypass Group ◽  
Hmpao Spect

Background and Objective: Older and the recent extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) bypass trials for symptomatic carotid occlusion failed to demonstrate reduction in stroke recurrence. However, role of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in patients with symptomatic intracranial steno-occlusive disease has been evaluated scarcely. We evaluated serial changes in various cerebral hemodynamic parameters in patients with severe steno-occlusive disease of intracranial internal carotid (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) and impaired cerebral vasodilatory reserve (CVR), treated with STA-MCA bypass surgery or medical treatment. Methods: Patients with severe steno-occlusive disease of intracranial ICA or MCA underwent transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and CVR assessment using breath-holding index (BHI). Patients with impaired BHI (<0.69) were further evaluated with acetazolamide-challenged hexamethylpropyleneamine-oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (HMPAO-SPECT). STA-MCA bypass surgery was offered to patients with impaired CVR on SPECT. All patients underwent TCD and SPECT at 4±1 months and followed-up for cerebral ischemic events. Results: A total of 112patients (73males, mean age 56yrs; range 23-78yrs) were included. HMPAO-SPECT demonstrated impaired CVR in 77 (69%) patients. Of them, 46 underwent STA-MCA bypass while 31 received best medical treatment. TCD and acetazolamide-challenged HMPAO-SPECT repeated 4±1months showed significant improvement in STA-MCA bypass group. During follow-up (mean 34months; range 18-39months), only 6/46 (13%) patients in bypass group developed cerebral ischemic events as compared to 14/31 (45%) cases on medical therapy (absolute risk-reduction 32%, p=0.008). Conclusion: STA-MCA bypass surgery in carefully selected patients with symptomatic severe intracranial steno-occlusive disease results in significant improvement in hemodynamic parameters and reduction in stroke recurrence.

Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery bypass

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Latchaw ◽  
James I. Ausman ◽  
Myoung C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Temporal Middle

✓ Pre- and postoperative angiograms on 40 patients undergoing superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery have been examined in detail. Multiple postoperative angiograms have been obtained to evaluate the change in both the bypass circuit and the intracranial circulation over time. A reproducible system for evaluating the degree of intracranial vascular filling via the bypass is introduced. The study shows that the STA and its anastomotic branch increase in size over time, measured in months, in the majority of patients. This is paralleled by a progressive increase in the degree of intracranial vascular filling. These changes are proportional to the severity of the vascular disease before surgery. The pattern of preoperative collateral circulation may change over time following the addition of the bypass circuit. The progressive change over time suggests that a static analysis at one time may belie the true effect of the surgery. The change of collateral circulation, with augmentation of blood supply to areas of the brain other than those affected by the recent ischemic event, means that a total cerebral evaluation including neuropsychological testing may be necessary for adequate evaluation of the effect of the bypass surgery.

Rupture of previously documented small asymptomatic saccular intracranial aneurysms

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter I. Schievink ◽  
David G. Piepgras ◽  
Fremont P. Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery Aneurysm

✓ In a recent study from the Mayo Clinic on the natural history of intact saccular intracranial aneurysms, none of the aneurysms smaller than 10 mm in diameter ruptured. It was concluded that these aneurysms carry a negligible risk for future hemorrhage and that surgery for their repair could not be recommended. These findings and recommendations have been the subject of much controversy. The authors report three patients with previously documented asymptomatic intact saccular intracranial aneurysms smaller than 5 mm in diameter that subsequently ruptured. In Case 1, a 70-year-old man bled from a 4-mm middle cerebral artery aneurysm that had been discovered incidentally 2½ years previously during evaluation of cerebral ischemic symptoms. A 10-mm internal carotid artery aneurysm and a contralateral 4-mm middle cerebral artery aneurysm had not ruptured. Case 2 was that of a 66-year-old woman who bled from a 4-mm pericallosal aneurysm that had been present 9½ years previously when she suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from a 7 × 9-mm posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm. Although the pericallosal aneurysm had not enlarged in the intervening years, a daughter aneurysm had developed. The third patient was a 45-year-old woman who bled from a 4- to 5-mm posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm that had measured approximately 2 mm on an angiogram obtained 4 years previously; at that time she had suffered SAH due to rupture of a 5 × 12-mm posterior communicating artery aneurysm. These cases show that small asymptomatic intact saccular intracranial aneurysms are not innocuous and that careful consideration must be given to their surgical repair and long-term follow-up study.

Rupture of a Previously Unruptured Giant Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm after Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Scott ◽  
Hsiu-Chih Liu ◽  
Robert Yuan ◽  
Lester Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Giant Aneurysm ◽  
Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Fatal Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Direct Attack

Abstract The fatal rupture of a previously unruptured giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm occurred 13 days after an extracranial-intracranial bypass had been carried out, before definitive aneurysm surgery. Alterations in blood flow adjacent to the aneurysm after the bypass may have led to the fatal hemorrhage. After a preliminary extracranial-intracranial bypass procedure, there should be no undue delay in the direct attack on a giant aneurysm, regardless of its mode of presentation.

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