The structure of supernumerary limbs formed after 180° blastemal rotation in the newt Triturus cristatus

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Spyros Papageorgiou ◽  
Nigel Holder
Keyword(s):  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Supernumerary Limbs ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

The structure of supernumerary limbs formed following 180° ipsilateral blastema rotations in the arm of the newt Triturus cristatus is analysed. Both the skeletal pattern and the muscle patterns are examined. As is the case after comparable experiments in the axolotl (see, for example, Maden & Mustafa, 1982) the extra limbs which form show a range of anatomies. Limbs symmetrical about the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axis are reported as well as some limbs which were part symmetrical and part asymmetrical. It is clear that newts and axolotls appear to react in similar ways to this particular experimental procedure.

scholarly journals Intercalation and the cellular origin of supernumerary limbs in Xenopus

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Muneoka ◽  
E.H. Murad
Keyword(s):  
Limb Development ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Supernumerary Limbs ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

The hypothesis that a specialized polarizing zone controls the pattern of the anterior-posterior axis during limb development in Xenopus has been tested by analysing the cellular contribution to supernumerary limbs. Supernumerary limbs were generated by grafting hindlimb buds contralaterally between X. borealis and X. laevis to appose anterior and posterior limb tissues. Cells derived from these two species of Xenopus are readily identified by staining with quinacrine. The analysis of cellular contribution showed that supernumerary limbs consist of approximately half anterior-derived (57%) and half posterior-derived (43%) cells. These data are not consistent with the polarizing zone theory but are consistent with the hypothesis that both supernumerary limbs and normally developing limbs arise from intercalary interactions between limb bud cells with different positional values.

scholarly journals Hox genes are essential for the development of eyespots in Bicyclus anynana butterflies

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Matsuoka ◽  
Antónia Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Hox Genes ◽  
Bicyclus Anynana ◽  
Hox Gene ◽  
Novel Traits ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

Abstract The eyespot patterns found on the wings of nymphalid butterflies are novel traits that originated first in hindwings and subsequently in forewings, suggesting that eyespot development might be dependent on Hox genes. Hindwings differ from forewings in the expression of Ultrabithorax (Ubx), but the function of this Hox gene in eyespot development as well as that of another Hox gene Antennapedia (Antp), expressed specifically in eyespots centers on both wings, are still unclear. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to target both genes in Bicyclus anynana butterflies. We show that Antp is essential for eyespot development on the forewings and for the differentiation of white centers and larger eyespots on hindwings, whereas Ubx is essential not only for the development of at least some hindwing eyespots but also for repressing the size of other eyespots. Additionally, Antp is essential for the development of silver scales in male wings. In summary, Antp and Ubx, in addition to their conserved roles in modifying serially homologous segments along the anterior–posterior axis of insects, have acquired a novel role in promoting the development of a new set of serial homologs, the eyespot patterns, in both forewings (Antp) and hindwings (Antp and Ubx) of B. anynana butterflies. We propose that the peculiar pattern of eyespot origins on hindwings first, followed by forewings, could be due to an initial co-option of Ubx into eyespot development followed by a later, partially redundant, co-option of Antp into the same network.

scholarly journals Expression of six3 and otx in Solenogastres (Mollusca) supports an ancestral role in bilaterian anterior‐posterior axis patterning

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Redl ◽  
Maik Scherholz ◽  
Tim Wollesen ◽  
Christiane Todt ◽  
Andreas Wanninger
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis
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