Effects of exercise, hypoxia and feeding on the gastrointestinal blood flow in the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Axelsson ◽  
R. Fritsche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow

Cardiac output, ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressure, heart rate, and coeliac and mesenteric artery blood flow were recorded simultaneously in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., at rest, during exercise, during hypoxia and after feeding. In the resting unfed animals, coeliac artery blood flow was 4.1 +/− 0.8 ml min-1 kg-1 and mesenteric artery blood flow was 3.5 +/− 1.1 ml min-1 kg-1 (mean +/− S.E.M., N = 10); together, these flows represent approximately 40% of the cardiac output. Exercise or exposure to hypoxia resulted in increased visceral vascular resistance, leading to reductions in the coeliac and mesenteric artery blood flows. Coeliac and mesenteric blood flows were increased 24 h after feeding and the coeliac and systemic vascular resistances decreased in comparison with the prefeeding values. Phentolamine did not affect the gastrointestinal artery blood flow, but produced a significant decrease in the mesenteric and systemic vascular resistance. Treatment with bretylium and phentolamine revealed differences between the coeliac and the mesenteric vasculature regarding the control mechanisms during hypoxia and during exercise and feeding. During hypoxia, an adrenergic control of the gastrointestinal vasculature with both nervous and humoral components was found, whereas during exercise and after feeding an additional non-adrenergic mechanism controlling gut blood flow was demonstrated.

Effects of Substance P and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide on Gastrointestinal Blood Flow in the Atlantic Cod Gadus Morhua

1991 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÖRGEN JENSEN ◽  
MICHAEL AXELSSON ◽  
SUSANNE HOLMGREN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Coeliac Artery ◽  
Gastrointestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

The cardiovascular effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in vivo were studied in the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Special interest was focused on the distribution of blood to the gastrointestinal circulation. VIP increased the blood flow to the gut by increasing cardiac output and by decreasing resistance in the vascular bed supplied by the coeliac artery. In addition, VIP had an inhibitory effect on spontaneous stomach motility. SP induced a triphasic response in the coeliac artery blood flow. An initial increase was followed by a rapid decrease, to the control level or below, and a second increase in flow. The triphasic response was not changed after vagotomy, while atropine blocked the second phase, the decrease, indicating that a local cholinergic mechanism is involved. The significance of this temporary decrease in flow remains to be elucidated. SP also caused an increase in cardiac output and in mesenteric artery blood flow. In addition to the increase in cardiac output, the increase in gastrointestinal blood flow produced by SP is accomplished by a decreased resistance in the coeliac and mesenteric vascular beds.

Splanchnic haemodynamic changes during acute hypoglycaemia in man

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (s25) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braatvedt ◽  
P. G. Newrick ◽  
M. Halliwell ◽  
P. N. T. Wells ◽  
A. E. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow

1. Splanchnic haemodynamic changes were studied in seven healthy subjects during hypoglycaemia induced by the intravenous infusion of insulin. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow and cardiac output were examined non-invasively by a Doppler ultrasound technique. 2. Blood glucose concentration fell from 4.5 (0.14) mmol/l basally to 1.5 (0.09) mmol/l [mean (sem), P < 0.003] at the hypoglycaemic reaction (‘R’) and recovered to baseline by ‘R’ + 60 min. There was an associated rise in plasma glucagon, adrenaline and noradrenaline levels. 3. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow rose at ‘R’ from a basal value of 532 (38) ml/min to a peak of 803 (73) ml/min at ‘R’+10 min [mean (sem), P < 0.005] and remained significantly elevated until ‘R’ + 40 min. Resistance in this vessel fell by 33% at ‘R’+ 10 min (P < 0.005) and remained significantly low until ‘R’ + 40 min. 4. Cardiac output rose by 33% at ‘R’ (P < 0.004) and returned to normal by ‘R’ + 20 min. This was associated with a 24% rise in pulse rate (P 0.03), but no change in stroke volume or mean arterial pressure. Total peripheral resistance fell by 21% at ‘R’ (P 0.005) and had returned to normal by ‘R’ + 20 min. 5. The sustained rise in splanchnic blood flow during hypoglycaemic recovery may be of homoeostatic importance by providing metabolic fuel to the liver for gluconeogenesis.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow Modifications During Off-Pump Coronary Surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Fiore ◽  
Nicola Brienza ◽  
Pasquale Cicala ◽  
Pasquale Tunzi ◽  
Nicola Marraudino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Coronary Surgery ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Off Pump ◽  
Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow

Hemodynamic responses to glycols and to hemolysis

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith MacCannell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Passive Response ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Mesenteric Artery Blood Flow

Ethylene and propylene glycol both decrease renal blood flow in dogs while increasing flow through the superior mesenteric artery. The decrease in renal blood flow is not a passive response to dilatation of major vascular beds since it precedes the increment in superior mesenteric arterial flow and since it can be duplicated by direct injection of glycols into the renal artery. These rheological changes in response to glycols are at least partly due to hemolysis since intravenous injection of plasma from hemolyzed blood or of crystalline hemoglobin produces the same pattern of response, which is not blocked by phenoxybenzamine. However, the production of hemoglobinemia may not be the sole explanation for the vascular responses to the glycols, since a concentration of 2 %, which does not induce detectable hemolysis, still produces the characteristic increase in superior mesenteric artery blood flow.

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